Taking a Look at Memory Consolidation - 1464 Words

Since Nader, Schafe LaDoux (2000), challenged the previously heralded definition of memory consolidation, an influx of research addressing various theories of; consolidation, reconsolidation and potential clinical implications have surfaced. This essay aims to conglomerate the current understanding of memory reconsolidation, furthermore addressing the resonance upon clinical psychology. Neuroscience widely recognised that memories undertake the process of consolidation (Nader Einarsson, 2010). When memories are nascent, they are prone to interference and are considered ‘labile’. However, through the ensuing process of protein synthesis, they later become stabilised. Subsequently, the respective disruptions would initiate no detriment (Dudai, 2012). Historically, consolidation was thought to be the process by which unstable short term memories are transferred into fixed state long term memories (Nader Einarsson, 2010). Nader Schafe LaDoux (2000) challenged this concept suggesting it is possible memories become once again unstable. This notion facilitated a shift in research toward the inherent malleability of memories (Dudai, 2012). It is now widely embraced in neuroscience that two consolidation processes exist; synaptic consolidation and system consolidation (Nader Einarsson, 2010). Synaptic consolidation refers to the process of transforming a mem ory into long-term form at local nodes in the neural circuit that encodes the memory (Dudai, 2012). This processShow MoreRelatedThe Three Main Components of Human Memory1741 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ The three main components of memory Introduction There is much controversy regarding human memory, as cognitive psychologists have trouble reaching common ground concerning the exact science that one could associate with the concept. Even with this, experts agree that memory has three central components: the sensory register, the short-term memory, and the long-term memory. These three components are interconnected and they have a strong influence on each-other. In order to gain a more complexRead MorePersuasive Essay On Sleep Deprivation1735 Words   |  7 Pagesof them lack sleep. Sleep deprivation has been and is currently a growing â€Å"epidemic† that is affecting human beings of all sizes and ages. It’s crucial, yet it has been thrown aside and we’ve completely disregarded its evident consequences that are taking its toll on our bodies. Sleep, an uncomplicated action that requires minimum effort, is vital to human life; though most people takes its importance lightly, sleep has an abundant amount of bene fits: stronger immune system, lower risk of obesity,Read MoreExplain How Biological Factors May Affect One Cognitive Process1659 Words   |  7 Pagescognitive process Memory is essential to human beings. It’s not only the brain’s main function, but is also used everyday without us noticing: we acquire new information, store it, retain it and might retrieve it if needed. It’s thanks to memory and its three main stages: encoding, storage and retrieval, that humans can operate and recall events and information on a daily basis with no difficulty or effort whatsoever. In 1960, it was claimed that there was more than one memory system. ResearchersRead MoreSleep Can Improve Learning And Memory Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesSleep can improve learning and memory. However whether the length and type of sleep whether this correlates to academic performance is unclear. Therefore the aim of the proposed experiment is to research whether length and type of sleep experienced correlates with academic performance It is hypothesised that longer sleep with more Non-REM sleep will correlate with higher academic performance. Participants will be randomly selected 1st year psychology students taking a mandatory 100 level psychologyRead Morepsychpaper1240 Words   |  5 Pagesfeel like to not remember anything or anyone? Retrograde amnesia has caused many people to lose their memory all over the world. Retrograde amnesia is [1] a specific type of amnesia where a person is unable to recall events that have occurred in the past prior to the amnesia taking place. In the example of Jason Bourne from the movie â€Å"The Bourne Identity† it is shown that he has had a complete memory loss of his past which is known as pure retrograde amnesia. Bourne suffered from wounds and a massiveRead MoreDevry Psyc 110 Midterm Exam - Latest Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesof the rods and cones in the retina? (Points : 2) The moon looks much larger near the horizon than it looks when it is higher in the sky. The light from distant stars moving rapidly away from us is shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. Stars can be seen only with difficulty during the daytime. A dim star viewed at night may disappear when you look directly at it, but reappear when you look to one side of it. Question 7.7. ( TCO 4) What are the five primaryRead MoreProcedural Memories Of Procedural Memory1969 Words   |  8 Pageshow you can still ride a bike every day? The answer is called Procedural Memory. Procedural memory is a step-like process of how to do the important work that you decide every day. It is connected with long term memory and is the most basic form of memory. Procedural memory is usually part of an implicit memory. Procedural memory refers to the sensory motor skills by repeating the actions over and over. The procedural memory stores bags of information in our heads on how to perform a specific procedureRead MoreThings that Happen While We Sleep1088 Words   |  4 PagesHas there ever been a time when you have seen a picture of someone sleeping or have seen a baby sleeping and thought of how at peace they look? This restful and peaceful look can be very deceptive however, because that person in the picture or that little baby sleeping is actually experiencing constant brain activity, and can sometimes be involved with the movements of the muscles. As it turns out, we are active when we sleep, but we still must get our rest. At night or whenever we allow ourselvesRead MoreCare Plan Of A Schizoaffective Patient1714 Words   |  7 Pagesprior to admission into the hospital, an incident occurred in which the patient violently threw a chair into a glass window in an attempt to silence the â€Å"evil spirits.† This outburst was due to the fact that the patient had spent some time without taking her prescribed medication. The patient’s primary Axis I diagnosis is schizoaffective disorder and bipolar I disorder. A.S has a family history of mental health; her father has dementia and bipolar disorder. A.S had been admitted multiple times inRead MoreTesting The Accuracy Of Eyewitness Testimony3401 Words   |  14 Pagesof Eyewitness Testimony† are how the memory part of your brain works. Also, the colors that help memorization is also included in this experiment.Another thing that is covered in this experiment is whether or not someone is able to regurgitate information back after 20 minutes. Another thing that is covered in this experiment is the types of memory disorders. Tips on how to keep a healthy memory are also included. Also, the steps to creating a new piece of memory is also covered in this experiment

Alice Paul And The Quaker Family - 1357 Words

Alice Paul My name is Alice Paul and I was born January 11, 1885 in Moorestown, New Jersey. I am the oldest of four children, and belong to a Quaker family. The Quaker values that were taught to me as a child will carry into my adult years and my work. The Quakers believed in equality, which became a criterion that guided me through the rest of my life. Along with gender equality, the Quakers believe in the need to work for the betterment of society the importance of staying close to nature, and that all humans are worthy of respect. Some of my fellow suffragists came from a Quaker background, including Sarah and Angelina Grimke, Lucretia Mott, and Susan B. Anthony. When I was a child, my mother would take me to suffrage meetings, and there was where I found my passion. I believe that women and men should be treated as equals, and this starts with the women’s right to vote. At age sixteen, I entered Swarthmore College, and was at the top of my class. Because of my hard work in the political and economic curriculum, I earned a fellowship to the New York school of Philanthropy. In 1907, I earned my Master’s degree in sociology from the University of Pennsylvania. Then, I decided to travel to England to work on another fellowship, social work. I eventually lost interest, and I became a â€Å"heart and soul convert† of the Women’s Social and Political union in 1909. They were known as the most radical suffrage group in Britain. They were sometimes arrested for their violentShow MoreRelatedAlice Paul s Views On Women s Suffrage1354 Words   |  6 PagesAlice Paul died on July 9, 1977, almost sixty years after the fight fo r Women’s Suffrage ended with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. In her ninety-two year life Alice Paul experienced times of financial well-being, accomplishments in schooling, radical activism, and the fulfillment of one of her political aims – Women’s Suffrage. Even though she never saw the passage of her ultimate objective of an Equal Rights Amendment, she could be recognized as a woman who could have independently terminatedRead MoreA Woman s Crusade And The Battle For The Ballot1431 Words   |  6 PagesIn A Woman’s Crusade, Alice Paul and the Battle for the Ballot, Mary Walton argues how important it is for women to actively know the history with their equality rights, and how Alice Paul and other women fought so hard for those rights throughout time. All through time women have fought for the right to vote, equal rights in the workplace, and rights for our own body, these fights have been so important for woman to move on in our society to b een seen as equals and not the weaker sex. Moving backRead MoreAnne And Alice : Similar Women1314 Words   |  6 PagesAnne and Alice: Similar Women, Different Lives Imagine watching all the presidential debates, reading all the news articles, hearing all the campaign speeches, but having to sit in the living room. Imagine living in a country heralded as the birthplace of liberty, and yet being denied the ability to vote, the ability to have a voice in politics and play a part in the democracy. Cheated, vexed, and marginalized: the exact feelings of many American women. From these women came the First Wave FeministsRead MoreWomen s Freedom And Rights1814 Words   |  8 Pageseager, and aggressive actions of Alice Paul led to the turning point in Women’s history that secured them the important, political right to vote and earned women an equal role in society today. Being born into her strong Quaker background shaped the strong political leader that she became and were essential in how she shaped the movement. Alice Paul is open about her Quaker background and the importance it had in shaping the leader she became, â€Å"When the Quakers were founded†¦one of their principlesRead MoreWomen in the Progressive Era: Relentless Pursuit of Liberty and Equality1683 Words   |  7 Pages Jacob Riis, and Jane Adams advocated for wide-reaching social reform. Others targeted causes that would improve life for specific groups. Ida B. Wells and Alice Paul emerged as the leaders of two organized and passionate movements that, in many ways, defined this era. Wells launched her anti-lynching campaign in the late 1800s and Alice Paul, in the early 1900s, vowed to finish the job that her predecessors, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, had begun. Although some regard these two movementsRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement961 Words   |  4 P agesleader of the women’s suffrage movement, Lucy Burns was born in Brooklyn, New York on July 28, 1879 to a family that believed in gender equality. Her father Edward Burns believed that women should have an education and that they should work to improve the society. As the fourth child of the eight, Lucy Burns grew up as a pro women’s suffragist who later co-founded the Congressional Union with Alice Paul. (American) Burns graduated from Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York in 1902, but continues toRead MoreThe Leadership Styles Of Alice Paul1774 Words   |  8 Pageswoman by the name of Alice Paul. Alice Paul was an amazing leader, possessing qualities that all aspiring leaders should try to emulate. By investigating the leadership styles Alice Paul incorporated, we can determine how she was able to influence the movement, the results of her contributions and how the leadership styles are able to help one meet their goals. To determine what gave birth to Alice Paul the suffragist, her early years have to be examined. It can be said that Alice Paul’s childhood sculptedRead MoreThe Fight For Women s Suffrage Movement1328 Words   |  6 Pagesthat took a stand when no one else would be: Susan B. Anthony, Alice Paul, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Lucy Stone. These women believed that all American women, just like men, deserve the rights and responsibilities of citizenship. which is also their right to vote. Susan B. Anthony was born February 15, 1820, to a Quaker family in northwestern Massachusetts. She was raised to be an independent and well out-spoken young lady. Her family believed that men and women should be made equal in the worldRead MoreAlice Paul1585 Words   |  7 Pagesunderpaid today. Many widows and mothers were not able to make ends meet and often had to have their children work as well to support the family. Women had no rights to change these conditions or their circumstances. The inability to partake in the democratic process was something many women were angry with; Alice Paul was one of them. Alice Paul grew up in a Quaker home that believed in the ethic of hard work and gender equality (Hawranick, 2008). Women were not commonly educated and if you wereRead MoreThe Quaker Culture Values Equality1956 Words   |  8 Pages As the Quaker culture values equality between the sexes, it is no surprise, while Alice Paul later dismissed the religious aspects of it, the ideals of equality followed her and shaped her life and legacy. Later on, after traveling to Britain and becoming radicalized for the women’s suffrage cause, would return and win women across America the long sought after right to vote. Even then, once she had won, she immediately began work on the Equal Rights Amendment, living to see its passage, but died

Cesare Beccaria Essay Example For Students

Cesare Beccaria Essay Cesare Beccaria is one of the most famous criminal justice theorists of all time. He lived from 1738 to 1794. He was the eldest son of an Aristocratic Family and was educated in a Jesuit school. His fascination with philosophy lead to him a bunch of friends who soon formed a group called ?the academy of fists.? This group focused their attention on reforming the criminal justice system. This group exposed Beccaria to many great philosophers, who encouraged his work. One to his motivators was a philosopher named Pietro who was in favor of the idea protesting against torture to obtain confession for the law and justice system. As well as many other injustices going on such as, the wrongfully used discretionary power of judges, using personal connections to get lighter sentences and capital punishment. This point of view won the backing of many other great European Emperors and philosophers. By 1770 Beccaria had gained recognition from all over the world and political positions in Italy. Beccarias work touched on two distinct arguments of position. He described and pushed the point of reforming the criminal justice system. He also realized that very few studies had been done on research and reform in the system. He agreed with two philosophers theories: social contract and utility. In retrospect to social contract Beccaria pointed towards punishment as justified only to defend the social contract of citizens and to make sure that all persons followed this standard. In regards to utility Beccaria stressed that the method of punishment selected should be one that helps the public. In his efforts to direct the justice system he discovered that some philosophers had two principle theories justifying punishment. Number one on the list was retributive approach, which states that punishment should be equal to the crime. In other words ?an eye for an eye.? This method falls into a revengeful style of punishment. The second theory was Utilitarianism approach, which states that the punishment should increase the happiness in the world. Meaning that the punishment should reform the criminal. Beccaria takes a utilitarian stance. He truly believes that punishment should deter others from acting in the same manner. This punishment should also take place quickly. The sentencing should be in a speedy manner. This will connect the ?crime? and the ?punishment? in the convicts mind making a clear connection between crime and punishment equaling. Swift punishments will have the greatest impact on deterring others. He also feels that severe punishments are pointless and will loose the initial effect that they intended. Becarria believes that dueling can be eliminated if laws would protect the persons feelings of insult and lose of honor. Punishment should equal the crime point blank, out of all the crimes treason is the worst, because it breaks down the social contract. Followed by violent acts against person and or their belongings. The most effective way to stop crime is to reward good doings in the community, increase education and make simple laws that every one can understand. Becarria believes that capital punishment is not the best deterrent. He says that long term imprisonment is the key to deterrence. People value their right of life more than anything else. Capital punishment should be preformed only if it benefits the public and is truly needed depending on the situation. Capital punishment fails to deter determined criminals from committing extreme crimes. Keeping people on lock down is more deterring then taking their life. Perpetual slavery is more affective and deterring than capital punishment. Beccaria believes that the justice system can be improved. His research had shown that capital punishment is not deterrence. It does more harm to the world than good. Perpetual slavery is the best deterrence the world had in its option. Criminals should be punished by methods that deter not vengeance. If these methods that Becarria has presented are used the rulers of the world will receive long lasting fame as peacemakers. .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7 , .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7 .postImageUrl , .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7 , .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7:hover , .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7:visited , .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7:active { border:0!important; } .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-t ransition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7:active , .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: cente r; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7 .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u477086fe359f76a21c54260c6f470eb7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What I Do Essay

Oedipus Rex and Conventional Families Essay Example

Oedipus Rex and Conventional Families Paper In Oedipus Rexes and Conventional Families Oedipus Rexes, a tragic play based on dysfunctional families, Is a unique situation compared to dysfunctional families today. Incest, royalty and belief in gods is what caused dysfunction during Oedipus? time. A dysfunctional family, according to an online dictionary source, Is ? ¦one In which adult caregivers are unable to consistently fulfill their family responsibilities. ?o This is the type of family where buses and conflict occur on a regular basis; this leads the children growing up in it to believe that It is normal to have such occurrences In a family life. Oedipus was a child, who although was born into a royal family, grew up as an adopted child to another royal family. This happens because when Oedipus was born, Apollo, who was one of the many gods, tells Oedipus?w birth parents that he will kill his father when he gets older. After hearing this, birth parents leave him in Situation, a mountain range near Thebes, to die. Fortunately for baby Oedipus, a shepherd finds IM and brings him to the King and Queen of Corinth, who adopt and raise him as their own child. This shows that fortunate events can result in misfortune. In a time when wealth and power was triumphed over truth and justice, dysfunctional was a result of Immoral practices. In Oedipus Rexes, the readers come to see the blind sighted nature of Oedipus which leads him to murdering his biological father with the ultimate goal of marrying his biological mother, Coast. As the tragedies play progresses, the readers discover that Apollo has made clear that whoever has ordered Also must be ? ¦killed or exiled. ?o (Lines?:) This leads too townspeople, Chorals, to introduce Oedipus to Terrifies, who is a holy prophet that has knowledge of all the occurrences In Thebes. We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus Rex and Conventional Families specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus Rex and Conventional Families specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus Rex and Conventional Families specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Telesales avoids telling Oedipus the truth of who the murderer is, but Oedipus wants to know the truth. As the conversation progresses, Oedipus becomes furious by Terrifies when he is informed that he Is the murderer of his biological father. King Also_ But before Telesales leaves, he says to Oedipus, ?:The man you have been looking for all this time, The damned man, the murderer of Also, That man Is In Thebes. To your mind he freeborn, But it will soon be shown that he is a Thebes, A revelation that will fail to please. ?:To the children with whom he lives now he will be Brother and father-the very same; to her Who bore him, son and husband-the very same Who came to his father?was bed, wet with his father?s scene ?: Lines 233-236, 240-243) When Terrifies says this Oedipus, we, as the readers, know that it is Oedipus who kills his biological father but Terrifies also Informs Oedipus that he will sleep with his mother. This explains to us that his wife Is most likely his biological mo ther as well. When Terrifies tells Oedipus that his mother is also his wife and his children are also his siblings, this portrays the dysfunctional toy 2 Tanat was present aurally appease TTL when opuses Tints out Trot a messenger that the child that Accost gave away many years ago was he, he cannot deal with the horror of knowing that his wife is his biological mother. So when Accost hangs herself, he pokes his eyeballs out with her dress ornaments and self- exiles himself. ?:And there he saw her hanging, her body swaying From the cruel cord she had noosed about her neck. ?: For the King ripped from her gown the golden brooches That were her ornament, and raised them, and plunged them down Straight into his own eyeballs, crying, ?cent more, No more shall you look on the misery about me, The horrors of my own doing! Too long have you known The faces of those whom I should never have seen, Too long been blind to those for whom I was searching! Sophocles scene?: Lines 38-39, 42-29) The situation fac ed by Oedipus compares to the situations faced by society today because no matter what generation or year it may be, whatever the parents do it will affect the characteristics and behavior of the children later in their lives. In a dysfunctional family today, the parents probably will not kill themselves or blind themselves, or look to other extreme measures, such as Oedipus did, but abuse and incest may occur. When a scenario such as the one in Oedipus Rexes occurs, it affects his daughters?w futures negatively. Some of the problems that can occur would be he complications associated with marriage, being raised by foster parents (Croon), and inferiority complex, the condition of not knowing who he or she truly is. In a dysfunctional family today, many children go through many types of abuse and that results in complications with alcohol and drug abuse, which could lead them to be rapists and murders, and with females, complications in pregnancy. Abuse within a family can cause complications in later generations. ?cachet problems that the dysfunctional families face tend to be chronic rather than temporary, the needs of he family members (particularly the children) are inconsistently met, and the negative patterns of parental behavior tend to be dominant in their children?was lives (Texas Womans University, no page). ?0 Compared to Oedipus Rexes, the effects of a dysfunctional family are different, yet not so different. The situations present in this tragedy are very unlikely to occur in the present day, but the idea of these situations may occur. Society may not go to the extremes as Oedipus did, but similar situations, although not as morbid, are comparable to that time period.

Health and Fitness Leadership Essay †Sports Science

Health and Fitness Leadership Essay – Sports Science Free Online Research Papers There are many principles and aspects of training that a beginner to exercise should be made aware of, there are other factors out with the actual exercise that the individual’s attention should be drawn towards also. The first thing a beginner to exercise should be made aware of is the different aspects of fitness involved in exercise: Aerobic fitness Anaerobic fitness Muscular strength endurance These 3 different aspects of fitness are designed in their own way to help the body cope with training at a high intensity. A beginner should also be informed of a typical format of an exercise session. First of all a warm up should be conducted, this should involve some introductory exercise which is designed to increase the heart rate and get the lungs pumping, stretching should also be part of the warm up for a session, stretching is important because it prepares the muscles for rigorous activity and lessens the chance of an injury to them. The second part of a session should be the main part and may take the format of aerobic or muscular endurance work. The section of the session should be the most rigorous and the individual should be looking at getting their heart rate within their â€Å"training zone†. An individuals training zone can be calculated in the following way- 220 minus their age, 60-80% of this figure should be the heart rate they should try to achieve throug h exercise, for a beginner 60% should suffice. A warm down is also essential in a training session, this should involve light jogging and developmental stretches, the warm down is designed to relax the muscles and prevent soreness 24 to 48 hours after exercise. When undergoing an exercise regime the individual should take into account the principles of training: Overload- for improvement there must be progressive increase in either the volume or intensity of the activity undertaken. Specificity- effects are specific to the activities that bring them about. Trainability- as a beginner to exercise it may seem quite easy to improve fitness but as the general level increases the motivation of the individual may wane because of limited progress with maximum effort. Reversibility- a beginner should be aware that all improvements that may be made will only last as long as regular exercise is being undertaken. Threshold- This principle considers the frequency, intensity and duration factors of exercise. A beginner should recognise that a threshold for exercise, e.g. how many hours per week, at what intensity, should be recognised in order to reap the benefits. Taking into account the above factors it is recommended that everyone should undertake 3 x 20 mins of aerobic exercise every week. Exercise indicates that the heart rate should be at least 60% of maximum. With a beginner goals should be set for improvement, these goals should be realistically attainable and progressively more challenging. Summary: Start slowly and gradually build up the intensity and complexity of your chosen exercise activity. Chose an activity that you enjoy and suits your needs. Construct a training programme that includes a variety of different exercise activities. Also make sure that out with the exercise regime a healthy lifestyle is being maintained, this can also contribute to overall fitness. Research Papers on Health and Fitness Leadership Essay - Sports ScienceUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemResearch Process Part OneThree Concepts of PsychodynamicDefinition of Export QuotasPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Hockey Game

How Much Do SAT Subject Tests Cost

How Much Do SAT Subject Tests Cost SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Manycompetitive college programsrequire high school students to submit SAT Subject Test scores to be eligible for admission.This usually means spending a little more money on test registration, but fee waivers are available if you're eligible. In this article, I’ll go through how much each SAT Subject Test costs and how fee waivers work for these tests. How Much Does an SAT Subject Test Cost? When you register for subject tests, there is a basic registration fee of $26.This is not associated with a specific test; it’s just a baseline fee that everyone has to pay.Since you'll pay a registration fee for each test date, it makes sense to take multiple tests on the same date.This saves money because you’ll only pay the $26 once rather than two or three times. It costs an additional $18 on top of the $26 registration fee for most subject tests, but the per-test fee goes up to $26 for the language tests with listening sections.These tests include French with Listening, German with Listening, Spanish with Listening, Chinese with Listening, Japanese with Listening, and Korean with Listening. So, if you took the Math 2 Subject Test and the Japanese with Listening Subject Test, you would be charged $26 (basic registration fee) plus $18 (fee for Math 2) plus $26 (fee for Japanese with Listening) for a total of $70. You can take anywhere from one to three regular subject tests on one test date, but you can only take one listening subject test per test date.This means you might be charged as little as $44 for one test day (registration fee plus one regular subject test) or as much as $88 (registration fee plus one listening subject test and two regular subject tests). In comparison, registration for the regular SAT with the essay costs $54.50. That price drops to $43 if you choose to take itwithout the essay. If you don’t make the regular registration deadline, you'll have to pay a late registration fee of $28.There’s also an extra $28 fee if you decide to change your test date, center, or type of test after registration.Waitlist status is available for SAT Subject Tests for an additional fee of $46.You can read more about the SAT waitlist here. This rabbit would ace the listening subject tests. Can You Get a Fee Waiver for SAT Subject Tests? Yes!If you’re eligible, you'll get two fee waivers for the regular SAT and two fee waivers for SAT Subject Tests.One fee waiver covers a whole day of testing for Subject Tests, so you can take three tests with just one fee waiver if you take them all on the same day!You can also use fee waivers for late registration at no extra cost if you miss the regular deadline. But how do you get a fee waiver?If you’re a student in the US, you can qualify for a waiver if one of the following applies to you: You are eligible to participate in the National School Lunch Program Your family meets income eligibility guidelines set by the USDA Food and Nutrition Service You are enrolled in a government program that helps students from low-income families You live in public housing, a foster home, or are homeless You are a ward of the state or an orphan If you think you may need a fee waiver to take SAT Subject Tests, speak to your guidance counselor.Even if you’re not sure you meet the eligibility requirements, it doesn’t hurt to ask in case you do!If you’re eligible for a fee waiver, you’ll also get four additional free score reports and up to four application fee waivers that are valid at most colleges. You'll get two free passes for SAT Subject Test registration if you're eligible for a fee waiver. Conclusion Individual SAT Subject Tests are less expensive than the regular SAT, but they can get a little pricey if you plan to take two or three of them.For standard registration, you have to pay a baseline fee of $26 plus $18 for each regular Subject Test and $26 for each Subject Test with a listening section.You’ll be charged an extra fee for late registration and for making changes to your registration after you've already signed up. Fee waivers are available for SAT Subject Tests if you’re eligible.You will get two SAT Subject Test waivers, and each waiver covers a full day of testing.Try to take all of your subject tests on the same date so that you only have to pay the registration fee once or, if you got the two fee waivers, can retake the test(s) for free. What's Next? Are you unsure of what your target score should be on SAT Subject Tests? Find outwhat a good score looks like for you. If you're still trying to pick your subject tests, read our guide to deciding which ones to take. If subject tests are stressing you out, take a look at this article detailing the easiest tests you can take to get this requirement out of the way. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

Price Elasticity of Demand Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Price Elasticity of Demand - Coursework Example   For example, if the price of fuel increase by 20%, the reaction would be that the demand for new Vehicles that are fuel inefficient will reduce by 40% and therefore cross elasticity of demand will Be -2 (-) cross elasticity represents two commodities that are complementary, while (+) cross elasticity represent two substitute commodities. In above example, the two commodities, fuel and vehicle are complements to mean that one commodity is used by the other. In such a case, cross elasticity of demand is (-) as evidenced by a reduction in demand for vehicles when fuel price is raised. Everybody needs salt in food and nothing else can substitute salt. Therefore, when the price of salt goes high, then more is spent on it. Also, the same case would be for people who want to build stronger and permanent stone buildings. They must need cement and therefore if the price of cement increases, more will be spent on it rather than thinking of adjusting to another product. Two commodities are substitutes when the cross elasticity of demand is (+) to mean that when the price of one commodity increases, the demands of the other commodities rise. For instance, if the company that makes Rhino matches increase their prices significantly, then the customers are most likely to adjust to other types of matches rather than paying more for the same Rhino match at an increased price. The same would apply if the Sony Company that manufactures electronics increases the prices of their products, customers will opt for similar products manufactured by different companies and which are sold at a fair price. This is because the other companies can produce substitutes that meet the customers’ demands. Elasticity determinants: the availability of substitutes, substitutability, and time has to be put into consideration because even with the increase in prices and the customers turning to substitutes, every business will continue running. Hence, for the commodities with many substitut es, the merchant will have to create special offers from time to time to attract the customers unlike the commodities with inelastic demand. Then some products like salt signify a minute portion of the customer’s financial plan resulting in reduced concentration being given to its price. Also if a commodity is the only option in the market, then its substitutability becomes very minimal. e.g roller skates. If they are the only skating gadgets then the customers will not be very perceptive to its price variations since, after all, they require them for skating.

Children with special Needs( Disabilites) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Children with special Needs( Disabilites) - Essay Example It argues for the functional development approach in empowering these special children. It acknowledges the significant role of government in breakthroughs made in Special Education and which have had positive impact on the lives of special children. Statistics Let us begin by looking at the population (children with disabilities) that we are dealing with. According to World Health Organization, CITATION WEA11 \l 1033 the figures are as follows: 650 million people in the world are disabled; 80% of disabled people live in developing countries; 20% of the world’s poorest people are disabled, and tend to be regarded in their own communities as the most disadvantaged; 1 in every 10 children around the world copes with a disability; and. Only 2–3% of disabled children in poor countries go to school. Disability vs. Special Need The most accepted definition of â€Å"child with a disability† is found in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). CITATION WEA 11 \l 1033 A â€Å"child with a disability,† is a child whose educational performance must be adversely affected due to the disability. CITATION WEA11 \l 1033 IDEA is considered to be the cornerstone of special education, as it required public schools to provide "free appropriate public education" to students with a wide range of disabilities, including â€Å"physical handicaps, mental retardation, speech, vision and language problems, emotional and behavioral problems, and other learning disorders.† It also mandated that school districts provide such schooling in the "least restrictive environment"(LRE) possible. CITATION WEA11 \l 1033 In subsequent years, the term disability was applied to physical disability (such as paralysis, loss of limb, deafness), mental disability (such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder) or intellectual disability (such as a learning disability). Disabilities could be at birth or a result of an accident or disease. Disabilities c ould range from moderate to significant and can be temporary or permanent. CITATION WEA11 \l 1033 To many, disability and special need may have no significant difference. However, children with disabilities have suffered from exclusion or bear a stigma, simply by being labeled â€Å"child with disability. â€Å"Disabled people are typically shunned, isolated and stigmatized by their community. Families hide disabled children and exclude them from family and community activities.† CITATION WEA11 \l 1033 . What educators, psychologists, and governments have been trying to do is, first and foremost, to remove the stigma that comes with the term â€Å"disability,† secondly, to reorient individuals and communities to deal with these special children in a normal environment, and thirdly, to support and help empower them. To my mind, the term â€Å"children with needs† transcends barriers and demonstrates the progress in the field of Special Education. The term acknow ledges that a special child, like every child develops in a unique way, and will develop and interact with his environment at the appropriate level. With this understanding of typical child development, a child may have a special need when he or she has a delay in one or more

A midsummers night dream Essay Example for Free

A midsummers night dream Essay Additionally, The nobles are a mirror image to the Mechanicals. The Mechanicals are completely opposite to the nobles. The nobles speak in Shakespeare’s elegant verse and are very rich and are also educated. Unlike, the mechanicals that do not speak in elegant verse but in proses and are lower class and are not well educated. The forest represents magic, instinct, love and dreams. It is symbolised by the fairies use of rhyming verse, and night. The prosaic Mechanicals here in the forest are another mirror image to the supernatural fairies. The Fairies are elegant; and speak in a four beat verse chant. So shall all the couples three. Ever true in loving be However, The Mechanicals are clumsy and earthly and speak in prose. I, One snout by name, present a wall. The mechanicals add understanding to the audience through love. In the mist of a supernatural war, the humble Bottom demonstrates something about the blind nature of love through his combination of dignity and foolishness. Reason and love keep little company together Bottom adds understanding to the audiences understanding by this quote. He explains that reason and love have nothing over love Bottom figures this out because he is ordinary, ands proving Theseus wrong. The Mechanicals main contribution is humour. This has the effect of diffusing tension. It grounds down the elevating romance of the lovers and the fairies, and adds to the audiences enjoyment. Shakespeare creates humour through various language techniques. One way in which he does this is by the comic effects of the names of the characters. Bottom name might prefer to a persons backside or an ass in which his head is turned into the head of an ass(donkey) In the play-within-a-play, flute plays Thisbe. The name Flute refers to a flute instrument, which is to a sour fruit â€Å"citrus†. This reflects his personality as he is bitter, serious and gets annoyed. High, pitched. In the play Flute has to put on a high voice as he plays a woman. Also Quince name refers Also the Mechanicals contribute humour by the misuse of their words. The mechanicals mix up their senses a lot in the play. The flowers of odious savours sweet an oxymoron is used here as Bottom mixes up his senses. The effect on the audience is obviously humour as it is a stupid mistake. As flowers do not smell horrible! The mechanicals also mix up senses I see a voice†¦. And I can hear my Thisbes face L187-188 [Bottom] Bottom un-deliberately mixes things up again by saying he sees a voice and hears Thisbes face. The effect on the audience is humour. The Mechanicals enhance the audiences understanding of the theme of love and it transforming power. Shakespeare uses humour to show the ugly can be made beautiful though love. ? What angel wakes me from my flowery bed†¦I pray thee, gentle mortal, sing again† As the audience knows, Bottom cant really sing but the fact that love can change something ugly into something beautiful is what the Mechanicals add to the audiences understanding of the play. The contrast of the lazy Bottom and the beautiful Titania with her high status, her language and power underlines the transforming power of love and shows how people behave foolishly because of love. Although Bottom is ugly and uneducated he speaks wise words. Thou art as wise as thou art beautiful Shows that even though Bottom is ugly and clumsy his wise words about love Bottom shows the audience that love is unreasonable. The effect on the audience is that love is not about status, beauty or law. Which is what the Athenians believe love is about. Humour is used to explore the idea of drama and the conventions of the theatre in the play-within-the-play when Quince begins his prologue he takes away the drama and the tension from the play. He does by adding a speech before the play by reminding the audience a few things before the play starts I am to entreat you, request you are desire you to con them† Quince takes away tension in a humorous by telling the audience before hand that the Mechanicals are a little bit rubbish. Throughout the play-within-the-play Bottom dominates the play but misguides his own talent in many ways. Bottom throughout that play tries to dominate but makes silly while humorous mistakes. â€Å"O grim-looked night†¦O†¦O†¦O† Bottom repetition is entertaining as he is trying to make himself look like a good actor, He is trying to create this impression by using â€Å"o† a lot in his sentences. When Shakespeare uses the actors as the setting. Which are the wall and the moon. It shows the contrast of Shakespeare use of imagery to represent the scene, as there were no props and stage settings in those times. Also Flute says his lines all at once as the actors in the Elizabethan times would only know their own lines not the other actors. Which would be very humorous for the audience as the actors would be all jumbled up. The Mechanicals add enjoyment and understanding through the theme of love and through humour. The Mechanicals also contribute humour. And finally the Mechanicals increase the audiences perceptive of the theme of love and it transforming authority by using Bottom to say something intelligent about love. William Shakespeare uses the Mechanicals in the play for many reasons. Shakespeare uses the mechanicals to add understanding to the audience throughout the play. Also he uses the mechanicals for the audience’s enjoyment. â€Å"A Midsummers Night Dream is still popular for performers and audiences today as it is a play with bizarre and magical dreams and magic happenings thought out the play. Finally, because it is a humorous yet a moral play which anybody can learn from.

My Chautauqua Essay -- Personal Narrative essay about myself

My Chautauqua I have a tendency to forget to breathe when I'm sitting in my art history class. A double slide projector set-up shoots its characteristic artillery - bright colors, intense shapes, inscriptions in languages that are at times read merely as symbols by my untrained mind, archaic figures with bodies contorted like elementary school students on the recess monkey bars. I discuss Diego Rivera's "The Liberation of the Peon," Frida Kahlo's "Self-Portrait," and Anselm Kiefer's "To the Unknown Painter" with my classmates. The room is never silent as we marvel at these images. When the slide projectors give off that first glimmer of light, their Gatsby spot of a blurry green hope at the end of the dock, we depart on our collective imaginary field trips. The teacher doesn't need to coax, to pry, to pose multiple-choice questions. We are already on our way. I wander down the Hall of Mirrors in the French Palace of Versailles. Soon after I am thinking of the converse style, and recall that German Architect Mies van der Rohe has created the most simplistic a...

Feature of a just society Essay

Assess whether an unequal distribution of property between individuals could be a feature of a just society? (50 marks) By a ‘just society’ we are referring to the principle of people getting what they deserve – or desert theory. Those such as Nozick believe that individuals have an absolute right to property of income that they themselves create; Marx outlined his belief in absolute equality; Rawls, however, is the only philosopher able to claim the middle ground and suggest a sensible solution: claiming that an unequal distribution of property can, with certain constraints, benefit the poorest in society. Nozick’s view on the distribution of property focuses on the issue of how it came about. Self-ownership of one’s own talents and abilities is key to his way of thinking. If, for example, Cristiano Ronaldo asked his football club to pay him 25p for each ticket sold, the fans being happy to pay the extra, and 400,000 people watched him play that season – then he would be ? 10,000,000 better off. This is perfectly just according to Nozick, since Ronaldo is using his own talents to make money; which the fans voluntarily gave to him. However, in some philosophers eyes, this would be seen as unjust is Ronaldo was allowed to keep all, or even any, of that money. Be that as it may, Nozick stated that people were ‘ends in themselves’ and any attempt to use them in ways they don’t agree to = even for some ‘greater good’ – would violate their liberty. Such as example would be taxation. People, thus, have a right to own what they produce: conservatives would even argue that property becomes part of a person’s personality. The only constraints Nozick places on property is that it should be ‘justly acquired’ (not stolen or gained via the forced labour of others), ‘justly transferred’ (fair price given – not cheated or robbed), and the ‘rectification of injustice’ (giving back property that was stolen or otherwise unjustly taken). If one were to accept Nozick’s view, the result would be a society with huge economic inequalities. There is also the problem with individuals, through no fault of their own, not being able to support themselves. Relying on philanthropy and personal savings that one has been able to save doesn’t seem ‘just’ – especially if one is a pauper and kept at the mercy of the bourgeoisie. In this sense a worker may accept a wage cut, but how much true liberty do they have in making this decision? It could be argued in a society which has no ‘safety net’ welfare system, very little. Nozick goes onto state that we have ‘self-ownership’ of the things we create. This would therefore suggest that the proletariat working in factories, and the like, would have a right to what they produce since they have mixed their labour with it. But in a capitalist society, which Nozick supports, this would be, and is, the case. There therefore seems to be a rule for some and another for others with Nozick’s idea of ‘self-ownership’, which seriously undermines the legitimacy of his justice. Furthermore, history shows us that a great deal of initial acquisition of property was unjust: based on theft, slavery and colonisation. All property that derives from unjust acquisition being unjustly held, one does not have the right to transfer said property, nor does the recipient have the right to what they are receiving. It would, moreover, prove very difficult, if not impossible, to rectify the injustice of the past, as Nozick thinks one should do, since we have no way of establishing what belongs to who in many cases. The conclusion we are forced to draw is that Nozick’s theory has no application if we cannot start from a just beginning. Marx, on the other hand, focused on the plight of the proletariat, who, having nothing but their labours to sell are exploited by the bourgeoisie; who are in turn protected by the state which keeps private property legal: allowing a small number of individuals to own the ‘commanding heights’ or means of production. In such circumstances people cannot make use of their right to ‘self-ownership’ as Nozick claims, for they are creating items for the profit of the bourgeois and not themselves. Marx therefor believed in a needs based theory of justice. This would entail the abolition of private property and see that every man, woman and child gets what they need and gives what they can. The principle can be summed up as thus, â€Å"from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs. † Property does, however, seem to come naturally to human beings with philosophers such as John Locke claiming it is a ‘Natural Right’. When one takes the liberal view that we are rational, self-seeking, egotistical beings, it only seems right that the acquisition of property should follow. It is also true that the large percentages of the states in the world are run this way. Though this on its own cannot justify private property, it does heavily suggest that there will always be a place for private property no matter what your vison of the ‘prefect’ society is. Furthermore, one could argue that private property offers the allure of material success that motivates people to work. Even if one does not buy this argument, Rawls claimed that injustice in the distribution of property in society can work to the advantage to the poorest in society – via a welfare state etc. Rawls invented the ‘veil of ignorance’ to prove in the ‘original position’ what justice should be. As virtue of us, humans, being free rational beings, we would consent to a free market state, but only as long as rights were guaranteed and protection for the poor put in place. For the freedom to starve is no freedom at all. We would agree to these conditions for human life, since we would not know, in theory, what our race, creed, religion, talents, opinions or health would be in advance. In this sense it is reasonable to assume that we are rational egotistical beings, for it makes sense, and is in our own self-interest, to want these conditions. As for the capitalist free market aspect, wealth creation can be the only means by which the poorest in society can benefit; via the state taxing the rich and redistributing some of it to the poor. In this hypothetical situation we would have legal and foundational equality, as well as equality of opportunity. No one should be disadvantaged by the outcome of natural chance, the contingency of circumstances or choice of principles. In this light, the racist and the liberal would both be permitted to criticise each other; prevented from physically harming each other; and neither allowed to alter or remove foundational equality from the constitution. Importantly, Rawls thinks that once a certain level of martial wealth has been acquired (? 26,000 a year in the UK), then we would value such legal and foundational rights more; as well as basic liberties such as freedom of speech and association. Thus liberty will be preferred to less liberty, but greater wealth. This leads to Rawls’ ‘difference principle’, that we would choose to maximise the minimum level of welfare. This would create a society with a smaller gap between the rich and the poor, but also a smaller average wealth. One can object to this and state that it makes more sense to maximise the average level of wealth, especially if there is equality of opportunity meaning that one can improve oneself. However, one could imagine a society which is less prosperous, but more ‘just’ –something based alone the lines of Marx’s desert theory. Conversely, however, justice, in terms of the distribution of property, actually comes from prosperity and wealth creation gained and produced by some, so that others can benefit from the resulting taxation of said people. In conclusion, only Rawls can offer a theory of justice that appears sensible to the rational egotistical being; as well as avoiding the un-pragmatic approaches of Marx and Nozick. Even is one does not accept Rawls’ theory of justice – for one may be very rich and have lots of land – then at least it shows one what justice should look like.

The Beach Boys And California Mythology

The music of the Beach Boys during their peak creative period (1961-1967) is a key element in the â€Å"California myth,† which depicts the state’s culture as a youthful, exuberant paradise made possible by affluence, technology, and climate.It presents to the world in image of the state (particularly its southern coast) as an ideal place for the young to enjoy the climate, their freedom, and the benefits of an affluent society – an image that belied many of the region’s social realities and presented an appealing but ultimately distorted picture.The music itself has little intrinsically â€Å"Californian† about it. The vocals owe a great deal to white doo-wop from the late 1950s (particularly the intricate group harmonies), while the music derives heavily from that of Chuck Berry (indeed, â€Å"Surfin’ USA† is merely a blatant rewrite of Berry’s â€Å"Sweet Little Sixteen†). However, their lightness and upbeat, propulsiv e sound coupled nicely with Brian Wilson and Mike Love’s lyrics, which celebrated their own yearnings and their idealized vision of California culture.During their first six years of recording (before Brian Wilson’s mental illness became evident), the Beach Boys promoted southern California as a teenager’s paradise. Critic Jim Miller writes that, at their peak, the group â€Å"propagated their own variant on the American dream, painting a dazzling picture of beaches, parties and endless summers, a paradise of escape† and created â€Å"odes to affluent hedonism† (DeCurtis 192).Numerous songs depicted life there as a near-constant revel, in which teenagers had easy access to cars and thus to parties or the beach, where surfers dominated and one could find numerous opportunities for romance. The image of the sun-tanned, affluent, young white surfer spread internationally shaped perceptions of California throughout the world. The picture they presented repeated the same message – that California was a place where one could find pleasures unavailable elsewhere.Several of their songs, such as â€Å"409,† â€Å"Fun, Fun, Fun,† and â€Å"Little Deuce Coupe† (and more whimsically, â€Å"Little Old Lady from Pasadena†) exalt the automobile as a key component of their lifestyle; indeed, cars made the beach more accessible, accommodated dating and socializing, and liberated teenagers to a great degree. Furthermore, these cars had to be not simply serviceable, but also powerful and impressive; owning a hot rod was a status symbol in Beach Boys songs, giving one the most prestige and the most appeal to the opposite sex, as made evident in â€Å"I Get Around† (which combines cars, fun, and prestige in no uncertain terms).Regarding the opposite sex, their tunes celebrated California women as an ideal, attracted by fast cars or surfing prowess and blessed with good looks and warm, liberated personalit ies one could never find elsewhere. â€Å"California Girls† in particular spread the image of the young California as blonde, frequently found at the beach, and responsive to affluent male surfers with fast cars and status among their peers. They also helped make California synonymous with surfing, though one only one of the group (drummer Dennis Wilson) actually did it.â€Å"Surfin’ USA† and â€Å"Surfin’ Safari† depicted it as a nearly-ideal outdoor activity, which let one enjoy the mild climate, attract members of the opposite sex, and live in a hedonistic and relaxed atmosphere seemingly devoid of troubles or pressures. The affluence of the California they depicted made cars available, and, by extension, dating and fun impossible to find elsewhere, and the Beach Boys combined these in their material. Miller writes that â€Å"the group’s pursuit of fun, whether on a surfboard or in a car, set them apart and assured them . . .of an audien ce, no matter how restrictive the specific motifs, although surfing, cars, and the California locale all became emblematic† (DeCurtis 194). Though the Beach Boys’ material offered the promise of California as a virtual paradise of fast cars, status, and opportunities for romance, they neatly hid the broader realities of California life, creating the paradoxes that Rawls mentions. Most importantly, this vision did not apply to much of California, especially its northern half, a diverse region of mountains, urbanized areas, agriculture, and a much colder coastline.Also, the groups’ members hailed from blue-collar backgrounds, and the Wilson brothers (only one of whom actually surfed) came from a violent, hardly idyllic home. Their songs glorified not only a lifestyle that the group’s members generally did not practice, but it also celebrated a happiness that the troubled Brian Wilson could only yearn for, as well as eternal youth – an impossibility wh ich seemed less relevant as the members aged.It also managed to present a distorted picture of the Los Angeles region by focusing on a small class of young people. According to scholar Mike Davis, â€Å"It was the mesmerizing vision of a white kids’ car-and-surf-based Utopia† (Davis 66) that was generally not relevant to poorer youth or people of color. Their picture of California also excludes the region’s racial tensions; indeed, the Watts riots of 1965 erupted during this period, expressing realities that never figured in the Beach Boys’ music.The Beach Boys’ early music summed up California life as rooted in affluence and dependent on fast, flashy cars, which made leisure and attraction of the opposite sex possible. They presented an idealized and rather sanitized picture of a diverse, sometimes conflicted region. Indeed, class differences, racial tensions, and the more disturbing realities of the 1960s seem invisible, masked by the image of Ca lifornia as a place where one could have constant fun and revel in constant youth.Though they created a distorted, highly selective picture, the image remains potent to people outside the state and still colors many people’s perceptions of southern California. REFERENCES Davis, Mike. City of Quartz. New York: Vintage, 1992. DeCurtis, Anthony, James Henke, and Holly George-Warren, eds. The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll. New York: Random House, 1992. Maasik, Sonia and Jack Solomon, eds. California Dreams and Realities. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004.

Damascus Experience essays

Damascus Experience essays I decided to do my paper on Acts 9:1 though Acts 9:9. I chose this passage because I believe it made a huge difference in Christianity. After his experience on the road, Paul became one of the most influential men in the Bible. He also wrote two- thirds of the New Testament. Paul was one of the most intelligent men of his time. This is why his conversion was so important. Luke wrote this book. It was written around 62 A.D. This was a letter originally written to Theophilus. The purpose of writing to Theophilus was to give him greater insight into the origins of Christianity. It is thought that he was a converted Gentile. This miraculous event occurred on the road to Damascus. Saul was a member of the Sanhedrin. It was the middle of the day, and Gods light shined brighter than the sun. The bright light blinded Paul, maybe to show him his blindness in persecution. Paul was blown away when he heard I am Jesus, whom you persecute. Because he experienced this event himself, there was no way he could deny it. He understood that this vision was from the God he had been trying to serve, only to learn that he had badly misunderstood God. He saved Saul just in time. He was taking orders from the high priest of the Sanhedrin, which gave him, power to extradite all Christians who had fled due to persecution. Saul was known as the most zealous representative of the Jewish community when it came to persecution. Saul believed he was being religious and doing the right thing in persecuting Christians. The main theme is salvation, plain and simple. The Lord saved Paul from a life of sin. In turn, The Lord also saved many lives by reversing Pauls beliefs when he did. Who knows how many would have died if Paul and his entourage would have killed in Damascus. This is how the passage goes according to me: Saul was talking about abusing and murdering Christians. He goes to the boss to ask f ...

Freewrite Stories How Author Ivo Senden Finished His Novel on a Freew - Freewrite Store

Freewrite Stories How Author Ivo Senden Finished His Novel on a Freew - Freewrite Store This is the continuation of the Ivo Senden Freewrite Story, click here for Part 1    "It feels amazing on warm summer days to go outside, sit in the sun and the fresh air and type away. The keyboard has improved my writing speed, the distraction-free device has improved my concentration on the manuscript, and somehow it just feels wonderful to be using a beautiful, dedicated device purely for the purpose of writing." – Ivo Senden Senden is credited with publishing the first book written partially on the Freewrite. For him, the features of the Freewrite have created a huge boost in both productivity and mood surrounding his writing. The E Ink screen is easy on his eyes, and the design of mechanical keyboard provides comfort during times when he finds flow. These were two facts that were not lost on Senden while he was researching the features of the Freewrite. He was excited to learn that the device is the only one of its kind that has an E Ink screen allowing for readability at any angle and in bright light. Senden says, "Even before I became aware of the advantages of the mechanical keyboard and the non-distraction architecture of the device, the screen alone convinced me to order a Freewrite. " Alongside his decision to purchase the device, Senden found the Freewrite Community forum to be a particularly helpful source of information for his writing process. For him, the process of preparing to write includes a detailed outline, note taking, and intense editing which he used to do in Word. However, during his first hour of visiting the Freewrite Community Forum, he was able to interact with other writers allowing him to discover better tools to manage his content during the laborious development process. Because the Freewrite has ergonomic features and limits the ability to get lost in social media, or other online distractions, the device allows users to write in a way that enables them to enter flow. At the end of each of his power sessions, Senden can sync his draft from cloud storage to another application for editing purposes, such as his favorite content management tool. The ability to do the bulk of his writing on the Freewrite means less time he has to spend tied to an uncomfortable laptop with short battery life. Most importantly Senden says, "It feels amazing on warm summer days to go outside, sit in the sun and the fresh air and type away. The keyboard has improved my writing speed, the distraction-free device has improved my concentration on the manuscript, and somehow it just feels wonderful to be using a beautiful, dedicated device purely for the purpose of writing." Simply a choice of writing location can be critical to the process of writing and to a writer's ability to achieve that all important flow. As we have learned from Senden, writing outdoors was not an option before he purchased the Freewrite. He would find himself sitting inside on his couch on a warm and sunny day. Meaning for him, a choice between work or enjoying all that a beautiful day has to offer. Now thanks to the Freewrite, he can do both which in and of itself boosts mood and creativity. Senden says, "For me, the Freewrite was the answer to my prayers for an E Ink writing device, and its magnificent keyboard was more than a huge bonus." Ivo on His Typewriter Restoration Hobby "The beautiful typewriter you see is 98 years old. I tracked it back to a Dutch constable who used it as early as 1919 to write his police reports. I restored it, managed to find new ink ribbons and actually even used it briefly while I was waiting for my Freewrite to arrive. You can imagine my next door neighbors weren't all too happy with some of my late night writing sessions,  hacking away on this antique, mechanical monstrosity. I know for a fact that they love the Freewrite as much as I do."

Women in the work place Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Women in the work place - Research Paper Example The unjust power dynamics between men and women has evidently and significantly affected women in our society in general. This is for the reason that the situation of women is at a disadvantageous point as compared to that of men. Women are considered as second class citizens who are regarded as powerless and in need to depend on men. The normative standard expects men to dominate over women. In addition to that, such system of patriarchy is supported and intensified by our society through the unceasing reinforcement of the male domination via a wide array of institutions such as religion, government, family, education, and often than not, the institution of workplace as well. In the institution of workplace in particular, women’s participation in the labor force has been massive in every region of the world. Though the condition of women has considerably improved nowadays, it is the case that discrimination against them in the workplace still exists. Based on the report by th e International Labour Organization (ILO), the old ways of discrimination still exist together with the new ones (39). As a matter of fact, the gender – based discrimination does manifest itself in so many ways and in terms of employment, it occurs in all the stages of the process (ILO 39). That is to say, men are more preferred than women (ILO 39). It is also the case that women are given more workload in both paid and unpaid labor than men (ILO 39). Despite the more workload given to women, Kelan suggested that there exists a payment gap. As suggested by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, women are financially discriminated since they work 41 to 44 hours per week but earn just 84.6 per cent of what men are paid for these hours while those women who work more than 60 hours per week receive just 78.3 per cent of that of men (Kelan). This underpayment is only one of the discriminations of different sorts that women do experience. Even though women have the potentials that en able them to receive higher level of status in various companies, gender stereotyping affects how women think about themselves (Snowdon). Apart from that, the women’s role in economic growth is crucial but the thing is, still women face so many obstacles to get hired and be promoted in the workplace (â€Å"The importance of sex†). Given this background, the focus of this paper is to primarily critically analyze the position of women in the workplace. Specifically, it aims at identifying the forms of discrimination that women do suffer in employment. Also, it targets to know the barriers of why women do have such unequal top management positions with that of men in the labor force. Basically, this paper argues that women, although have what it takes to reach the top – management positions that men play in the workplace, still are at a disadvantageous position of being discriminated due to the unfair consideration because of one’s gender. Women in the Workp lace Women’s participation in the labor force has significantly improved as compared before. As a matter of fact, their participation in the workplace is massive which can be seen in every region in the world. In fact, as of today, there are great numbers of women can be found participating in public service since women are encouraged to join in the labor market (ILO iii). According to Kaylan, the rate and extent of advancement that women have created in the American work force are not realized by many of us (14). There are more women than men participating in the labor force of professional occupations which includes professional, financial, management and business professions. As a matter of fact, women have already reached the top of the corporate ladder. In the Fortune 500 companies,

Stroke Rehabilitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Stroke Rehabilitation - Essay Example Lack of physical activities, has also been found to affect the recovery process of most patients with strokes. The essay will focus on the importance of activities in the recovery of stroke patients. This will be based on scientific studies that indicate the importance of physical exercises (American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, 2004). The current studies have mentioned that inactivity and sedentary lifestyles to be common in patients with stroke. This has been associated with the physical deconditioning, a situation that many patients in critical conditions cannot be evade. The physical inactivity can be attributed to age differences, especially in many patients who are above the age of 60. It is also common in patients with negative attitudes and perception about the recovery programs. Patients, who believe that they will recover and become independent, are more likely to participate in physical activities. They respond well to the medical treatment. Several researches also find a correlation between motor coordination and the increased sensitivity of the str oke-impaired limbs with exercises. As a physiotherapist, I have been able to discover the importance of physical activities. I have found that patients who are positive and regularly participate in physical exercise are more likely to respond to drugs. The patients are able to improve their self-esteem and are very positive in life. Only a few patients who have been constantly taking part in physical activities that been diagnosed with the co-occurring ailments. Further, none of the case of recurrent of stroke has been reported. On the contrary, I have had about four patients being diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes mellitus due to inactivity. These patients have refused to continue with the physical exercise program I have made. Hence, my interactions with the patients prove that indeed the physical exercises play an imperative role. As such, I advocate for

Introduction to Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Chapter 3 is about managing the flow of materials across the supply chain. At this point, the authors try to be more specific in order to understand supply chains. They also include specific discussion on reengineering supply chain logistics, and reengineering challenges and opportunities. Then they point out that information systems and technology are key enablers for supply chain engineering. They also included the importance of time in managing the flow of materials across the supply chain. With this, one of the highlights in this section is showing the opportunities for cycle-time reduction across the supply chain. Furthermore, Chapter 3 also includes performance measurement because the authors significantly include the thought that supply chain management is all about issue of control. Finally, Chapter 4 includes the general idea about developing and maintaining supply chain relationships. Regarding this, the authors include the discussion of a conceptual model of alliance devel opment, developing a trusting relationship with partners in the supply chain, and resolving conflicts in a supply chain relationship. ... In this concern, it is important for instance to understand the integration of information systems and technology in order to come up with effective supply chain management. Furthermore, in the onset of modern age technology and so deliberately advancing technological and information systems revolution, the authors make it a special priority to integrate this reality with the learners. In addition the authors try to be more elaborate in their thoughts concerning the flow of materials across the supply chain. In this section, they especially highlight techniques on how to ensure smooth-flowing flow of materials across the supply chain. So they integrate the concept of reengineering supply chain logistics, challenges and opportunities. For them, it is a matter of time to implement all these techniques so as to ensure productive output, so they integrate the importance of time in managing the flow of materials across the supply chain. Finally, in chapter 4, the authors significantly imp ly that supply chain management includes substantial issue about building relationship. In this regard, the authors include the idea on how to develop alliance, trust with partners and resolving conflicts that may potentially arise. As noticed, the idea of supply chain management that the authors present in Chapter 1 to 4 includes the point that it is basically part of strategic effort of the company or organization in order to create and deliver product or service offerings on time. Applying this idea in the context of marketing could prove that delivering product or service offerings on time results to probable achievement of high level customer satisfaction. However, in order to do this,

HRM Department of British Airways (BA)

HRM Department of British Airways (BA) The following paper seeks to identify the human resource management department of the British Air ways. It shows the key HR activities of the British airways with reference to the two models of human resource. Moreover, it also evaluates and analyses the various HR planning and development programs implemented by the British airways. Finally the paper concludes by highlighting how the human resource is indicated and monitored. The report based on a case study and the majority of the information is taken from the case study. SUMMARY In 19th century British Airways is the worlds largest international airline and one of the most successful organizations in the airline business. British Airways (BA) was created by the merger between BOAC and BEA in 1974. BA was not always been quite much successful. The company was going in loss and BA had serious difficulties retaining customers in a competitive international airline industry. In 1980 BA recorded significant losses and there was not much profit to meet the running expenses of the organization. As a matter of fact British Airways delayered their bureaucratic management staffs that were mostly Air force retired officers and replaced them by managers having experience in the service industry. For the achievement of success BA launched many programmes to come out of the organisations loss which changes the culture and environment of the company. These programmes were successful and many customers were attracted towards the airline, which resulted British Airways one o f the worlds leading airline. HRM ACTIVITIES Although the British airways are seen to have implemented numerous strategies to allow human resource development the following are the three key areas where development is most significantly seen. Training and development Reward management Performance appraisal TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT British Airways has decided a significant investment in training and development that would improve the organization image of Helpfulness. On the basis of research BA found out that customer are satisfied and dissatisfied with friendly and unfriendly, caring and uncaring behavior of staff. As a result of these research findings, BA faced the task of designing and facilitating a training programme that would enable a total change in values and attitudes across the organization, particularly for staff that were exposed to customer contact. BA arranges several training and development programme for both new and old staff. These programme made much change in the behavior of the staff and due to which many customers were attracted towards this airline. British Airline recruited more staff, provide training to the new and developed the old staff for their excellent customer service. it can be clearly identifies that implementing these training programs prove to be highly essential for the organization to attain this objective of increasing the goodwill that the British airways had from the side of the customers. These programs also prove important to improve the revenue and sought to reduce the overall cost that the organization had. (Dessler, 2008) However, at the same time it is also important to note the fact that the success that British airline was not only and solely due to an increasing employee training but there were several other factors which were also important and contributed to the increasing revenue levels. One of the factors included improved legal and government conditions along with technological changes.BA has encouraged individual learning by providing wide employee access to two major learning programs. The first program is based upon principles of open learning; it can finally lead to an MBA and provides a number of progressive stages and qualifications. The completion of each stage gives access to the next qualification. The MBA awarded by the University of Bath. The second program Top Flight provides a series of Academies which are a number of development steps, designed to allow an individual to progress to an executive position. REWARD MANAGEMENT British Airline was motivating people with good remuneration package and rewards. They moving towards individually determined remuneration as well as both intrinsic and extrinsic benefits. They were giving standardized pay and also individual performance pay. The main proportion of salaried staff earnings is based upon pay rates which are governed by a job evaluation grading system. There is also a company -wide performance related bonus scheme paid to all employees and there have been offers of free and discounted shares. BA has also introduced an opportunity for all employees to purchase tax free shares through a trust using their company performance bonus. BA pays standardized salary as well as individual performance pay. They know that if employees are satisfied they will give the best effort for the company success; employees are start thinking that they are the part of company. So, it is clear that through the training Development programme and good remuneration packages staffs provide the high quality customer services and would be more committed to the company. Employees are more committed toward company for their remuneration package and rewards. And they go ahead to achieve the organization goal. PERFORMANCE APPARASIAL Performance appraisal measures the qualitative and quantitative aspects of job performance. An appraisal evaluates not only the employees performance but also his potential for development. The primary objectives of an appraisal are to assess past performance, to identify training needs, to set and agree on future objectives and standards, and to facilitate the achievement of these goals. Individual employee development is a part of a broader concern that BA has developed for the individual employee .As a part of the overall concern with organization culture, BAs philosophy has focused much more attention upon individual performance and this has led to the induction of a companywide -appraisal scheme. The main purpose of this scheme was to improve the relationship between reward and performance and this has reflected in a linked element of performance related pay. British airway has introduced performance related payments. Thus the more efficiently each of the employees works, the more likely it is for the organization to pay the individual worker a certain amount of payments. Moreover, there have been numerous and increasing companywide appraisal schemes introduced by the organization. Thus the harder and more the employee works, the more likely is it for the employee to earn a greater reward in the organization. Moreover, the amount of employees receiving remunerations on an individual basis is increasing at a radical rate at the organization. For instance the administrative staff at the British airways has also started being paid on the basis of their performance. (Armstrong, 2007) HRM MODELS MACTHING MODEL HARVARD MODEL MATCHING MODEL This model states that the HR systems and the organisation structure should be managed in such a way that is similar with the organisational strategy. This is the hard HRM which is interested only in making money or profit. It focussed on individual and organisational performance and concentrates on managing human assets to achieve strategic goals. It explained that there is human resource cycle that consists of generic processes like organisational structure, mission and strategy, human resource management, selection, performance, appraisal, rewards and development. It is based upon strategic control, organisational structure systems for managing people. It requires that human resource strategies have a tight fit to overall of the business. Mission and strategy Economic forces Cultural forces Organizational structure Human resource management MISSION AND STRATEGY: Mission means the specific target that the company wants to reach and strategy is the way through the company can reach their target. The mission of British Airways is to be the best and most successful airline in the world and the strategy is by providing high quality of customer service through resource planning which could not be easily duplicated. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE: This means all the required things that needed to achieve the target. BA launched some programmes for their staff like putting people first, customer first campaign, managing people first, etc. They gave more powers to the line managers to take quick decisions and also break down bureaucracy. They also provide some learning programmes like MBA and series of academies for their staff. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: This is related to the recruitment of new staff. BA replaced some managers which were Air Force retired persons with the staff with analytical skills or the intellectual capacity rather than management experience in the service industries. HARVARD MODEL This model was developed by Beer et al in 1984. This is the soft model which aims at enhancing the commitment, quality and flexibility of employees. Soft model is also known as high commitment management. Here more responsibilities are given to the line managers for ensuring the alignment of competitive strategy and HR policies. This model is based upon individual influence, work systems, rewards and human resource flow; and concentrate upon outcomes for people. Its main components are work system, human resources flow, rewards, stakeholder interests, situational factors, HRM policies choices, HR outcomes, long term consequences. Stakeholder interests Shareholders Management Employee groups Government community unions HRM policy choices Employee influence Human resource flow Reward system Work system HR outcomes Commitment Competence cost-effectiveness Long-term consequences Individual well-being Organizational effectiveness Societal well-being Situational factors Workforce characteristics Business strategy and conditions Management philosophy Labor market Unions Task technology laws and societal values In Harvard model, extra powers and authorities are given to the line managers to fulfill organisations objective. This incorporate recruitment, selection, development and redundancy for the people in the organisation. Managers have to ensure putting right employee at right place and in right time. To motivate productivity, Harvard Model suggested some rewards system to the employees, which include pay, bonus, free and discounted share, holidays, health insurance, empowerment, etc. This model includes long term consequences which refer to individual well beings. These incorporate individual interest, organisational competencies, and the need of the society and community as a whole. In this model, stakeholders are those persons who have interest or shares in the organisation. Situational factor includes workforce, labour markets, union representation, laws, business environment, technology and work system; these issues lead to the HRM policy choices of employee influence. Work system r efers to the efficiency and productivity of work force to meet the organisational goal. For work to be done effectively, efficient communication channels and correct technology are needed. For this purpose, British Airways gave more powers and authorities to the line managers, so that there should not be any kind of delay and they can take quick decisions. HR Planning and Development Methods Firstly British Airline tends to recruit on the basis of analytical skill and intellectual capacity rather than management experience in a service industry. They are always tried to ensure that staff would provide a consistent high quality service to customers an achieving efficient flight operations. Many managers had also joined the company from Royal Air Force. They recruit the perfect person and place them on exact position. Secondly, British Airline setup several training programs for both new and old staff. Such as Customer First Campaign to meet the customer needs. Putting People First which was two day programme aimed at almost 20000 staff that had significant customer contact. This program was designed to persuade participants to examine their own existing values towards their passengers and where necessary to replace them with more helpful and supportive ones. Managing People first a one week residential training course. The programme was specifically designed to breakdown the bureaucracy. The bureaucracy had developed underlying values of order, rationality, dependability and system control. Finally British Airline pays good remuneration to employees and also gives both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. They plan to motivate people as well as make their assets. BA offers free and discounted shares. BA has also introduced a novel scheme which gives an opportunity for all employees to purchase tax-free shares through a trust using their company performance bonus. BA has encouraged individual learning by providing wide employee access to two major learning programs. The first program is based upon principles of open learning; it can finally lead to an MBA and provides a number of progressive stages and qualifications. The completion of each stage gives access to the next qualification. The MBA awarded by the University of Bath. The second program Top Flight provides a series of Academies which are a number of development steps, designed to allow an individual to progress to an executive position. Evaluation: British Airlines corporative objective is To be the best and most successful airline in the world. So to achieve this objective it makes huge investment on human resources. It recruits highly skill and intellectual people. BA replaces them with more helpful and supportive ones. It provides training on the basis of different skills. It developed employees as more customer friendly, knowledgeable and efficient. They form trade union for welfare or participation of line staff on strategic plan of the company. BA pays standardized salary as well as individual performance pay. They know that if employees are satisfied they will give the best effort for the company success; employees are start thinking that they are the part of company. So, it is clear that through the training Development programme and good remuneration packages staffs provide the high quality customer services and would be more committed to the company. And they go ahead to achieve the organization goal. HR Performances of British Airways In seventies BA performances were disappointing, When BA had serious difficulties retaining customer in competitive international airline industry. In 1980 BA recorded significant losses. Before 1990 BA found negative attitude from passengers in a research. Customers were dissatisfied with customer BAs customer services. For this reason BA redesign and restructure its Human Resources. BA makes huge investment on HR planning and HR performances. It setup many training and development program for line staffs and managers. It is hard to say how much impact the programme has had; it is commonly understood in training circles it is difficult to measure the value of training. However, British Airline believes that this programme has been successful, that a significant cultural change has been achieved at all levels of the organization, and that this cultural change has made a significant contribution to the steady improvement in the business performance. An extensive market research shown that customer have developed more positive attitudes towards service that they now receive as compared with the predominance of negative attitudes that were recorded in similar surveys conducted earlier in the 1990s. These satisfied customers must have an important factor in supporting BAs performance improve improvement. So its easily identified that with this HR planning and development, BA increases their HR performance that lead to the improvement of the organizations performance. On the other hand BA employees now more happy with remuneration and rewards. They are getting opportunities to learn through different training and qualification of MBA degree awarded by the University of Bath after competition of management training. They are getting basic pay as well as individual performance pay and scheme that benefited them more than the before. Through the trade union employees can participate on organization strategic decision. They can raise their voice against any critical issue of the company. That makes the employees happier. Employee turnover are less now than before .Employees are satisfied with their job description, responsibilities and working environment. Employees absenteeism is reduced significantly. They are now highly committed to the company success. Ways to improve HR performances It is very difficult to suggest BA. Because they are the worlds largest passenger airlines company in the world and they have many intellectual people for hunting innovation idea and planning every moment. In spite of this practical situation some ways of improvement are described below: British airlines significant development is that they made a small HR strategy and planning department with some specialist people in the UK. It can be suggesting that if they integrated more people with this department and also spread not only in Europe, but also other continents where they are earning more. As a result same cultural people will provide customer service to their own customers. They can easily share their feeling and fulfill the needs of customer. Employee would be happy to serve same people as like they are. British airline can run different talent hunt programme for recruit their best fitted people. They can go to the college and university and pick up the best student; those are very keen to learn and have creative ideas for the future excellent service both customer service and flight operation. BA can launch more training and development programme after certain time to compete with the competitors and updated technological knowledge. They have to push their employee towards extrinsic rewards to see happier. CONCLUSION Thus as highlighted by this paper, the British airways successfully manages the human resources department by an increasing amount of planning and organization. They also launched some learning programmes for the employees to do MBA and to reach at executive position. They mainly concentrated upon the improvement of delivering good customer service so that they can attract more customers and gain more profit; with this they want to become the worlds most successful airline. At the end, I can say that it is crucial to use both soft and hard HRM in order to meet the organisational business requirement and to remain worlds most successful airline.

Is Medical Testing On Animals Ethical :: essays research papers

Every year, nearly one hundred million animals die in research laboratories at the hands of curious scientists who perform outdated and inaccurate tests that prove no benefit to humans or animals. I believe vivisection, medical testing on animals, should be banned.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before these animals die they are routinely burned, scalded, poisoned, starved, given electric shocks, and deliberately inflicted with deadly diseases. Their eyes are surgically removed, and their brains and spinal cords are damaged; this is completed without any kind of anesthesia. Despite all of this cruelty, not a single disease has been cured through vivisection in this century. The overall cancer rate has risen in the past forty years, and a fatal heart attack strikes a person every forty-five seconds. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimate that seventy to eighty percent of the common diseases killing Americans can be prevented by a responsible lifestyle and diet. Drug testing on animals is not accurate and has no advantage to animals or people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Animals including dogs, cats, mice, pigs, monkeys, horses, deer, and cattle are commonly used for these senseless experimentations. The other remaining misfortunate animals come from places a little closer to you and me. Some of them come from animal shelters, some from the “free to a good home'; ads in the newspaper, or, even worse, some have been stolen directly from their own yard. Imagine your pet being crammed into a cage with ten other animals waiting to die in these cruel and heartless experiments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The current system of drug testing places consumers in a dangerous predicament. For example, some drugs passed safe in animal experiments but proved tragic consequences in humans. Conversely, many drugs that are beneficial to humans are dangerous or even fatal to animals. This is obvious proof that testing on animals is unreliable, but sadistic tests still go on every day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If animal experimentation was eliminated, it could save up to 6.8 billion dollars. This money could be used for medical assistance programs for low-income individuals, helping the many Americans who can not afford insurance, rather than killing animals or making them sick.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There will be nearly 275 thousand animals dead this time tomorrow that were not dead right now.