Stroke Rehabilitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Stroke Rehabilitation - Essay Example Lack of physical activities, has also been found to affect the recovery process of most patients with strokes. The essay will focus on the importance of activities in the recovery of stroke patients. This will be based on scientific studies that indicate the importance of physical exercises (American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, 2004). The current studies have mentioned that inactivity and sedentary lifestyles to be common in patients with stroke. This has been associated with the physical deconditioning, a situation that many patients in critical conditions cannot be evade. The physical inactivity can be attributed to age differences, especially in many patients who are above the age of 60. It is also common in patients with negative attitudes and perception about the recovery programs. Patients, who believe that they will recover and become independent, are more likely to participate in physical activities. They respond well to the medical treatment. Several researches also find a correlation between motor coordination and the increased sensitivity of the str oke-impaired limbs with exercises. As a physiotherapist, I have been able to discover the importance of physical activities. I have found that patients who are positive and regularly participate in physical exercise are more likely to respond to drugs. The patients are able to improve their self-esteem and are very positive in life. Only a few patients who have been constantly taking part in physical activities that been diagnosed with the co-occurring ailments. Further, none of the case of recurrent of stroke has been reported. On the contrary, I have had about four patients being diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes mellitus due to inactivity. These patients have refused to continue with the physical exercise program I have made. Hence, my interactions with the patients prove that indeed the physical exercises play an imperative role. As such, I advocate for

Introduction to Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Chapter 3 is about managing the flow of materials across the supply chain. At this point, the authors try to be more specific in order to understand supply chains. They also include specific discussion on reengineering supply chain logistics, and reengineering challenges and opportunities. Then they point out that information systems and technology are key enablers for supply chain engineering. They also included the importance of time in managing the flow of materials across the supply chain. With this, one of the highlights in this section is showing the opportunities for cycle-time reduction across the supply chain. Furthermore, Chapter 3 also includes performance measurement because the authors significantly include the thought that supply chain management is all about issue of control. Finally, Chapter 4 includes the general idea about developing and maintaining supply chain relationships. Regarding this, the authors include the discussion of a conceptual model of alliance devel opment, developing a trusting relationship with partners in the supply chain, and resolving conflicts in a supply chain relationship. ... In this concern, it is important for instance to understand the integration of information systems and technology in order to come up with effective supply chain management. Furthermore, in the onset of modern age technology and so deliberately advancing technological and information systems revolution, the authors make it a special priority to integrate this reality with the learners. In addition the authors try to be more elaborate in their thoughts concerning the flow of materials across the supply chain. In this section, they especially highlight techniques on how to ensure smooth-flowing flow of materials across the supply chain. So they integrate the concept of reengineering supply chain logistics, challenges and opportunities. For them, it is a matter of time to implement all these techniques so as to ensure productive output, so they integrate the importance of time in managing the flow of materials across the supply chain. Finally, in chapter 4, the authors significantly imp ly that supply chain management includes substantial issue about building relationship. In this regard, the authors include the idea on how to develop alliance, trust with partners and resolving conflicts that may potentially arise. As noticed, the idea of supply chain management that the authors present in Chapter 1 to 4 includes the point that it is basically part of strategic effort of the company or organization in order to create and deliver product or service offerings on time. Applying this idea in the context of marketing could prove that delivering product or service offerings on time results to probable achievement of high level customer satisfaction. However, in order to do this,

HRM Department of British Airways (BA)

HRM Department of British Airways (BA) The following paper seeks to identify the human resource management department of the British Air ways. It shows the key HR activities of the British airways with reference to the two models of human resource. Moreover, it also evaluates and analyses the various HR planning and development programs implemented by the British airways. Finally the paper concludes by highlighting how the human resource is indicated and monitored. The report based on a case study and the majority of the information is taken from the case study. SUMMARY In 19th century British Airways is the worlds largest international airline and one of the most successful organizations in the airline business. British Airways (BA) was created by the merger between BOAC and BEA in 1974. BA was not always been quite much successful. The company was going in loss and BA had serious difficulties retaining customers in a competitive international airline industry. In 1980 BA recorded significant losses and there was not much profit to meet the running expenses of the organization. As a matter of fact British Airways delayered their bureaucratic management staffs that were mostly Air force retired officers and replaced them by managers having experience in the service industry. For the achievement of success BA launched many programmes to come out of the organisations loss which changes the culture and environment of the company. These programmes were successful and many customers were attracted towards the airline, which resulted British Airways one o f the worlds leading airline. HRM ACTIVITIES Although the British airways are seen to have implemented numerous strategies to allow human resource development the following are the three key areas where development is most significantly seen. Training and development Reward management Performance appraisal TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT British Airways has decided a significant investment in training and development that would improve the organization image of Helpfulness. On the basis of research BA found out that customer are satisfied and dissatisfied with friendly and unfriendly, caring and uncaring behavior of staff. As a result of these research findings, BA faced the task of designing and facilitating a training programme that would enable a total change in values and attitudes across the organization, particularly for staff that were exposed to customer contact. BA arranges several training and development programme for both new and old staff. These programme made much change in the behavior of the staff and due to which many customers were attracted towards this airline. British Airline recruited more staff, provide training to the new and developed the old staff for their excellent customer service. it can be clearly identifies that implementing these training programs prove to be highly essential for the organization to attain this objective of increasing the goodwill that the British airways had from the side of the customers. These programs also prove important to improve the revenue and sought to reduce the overall cost that the organization had. (Dessler, 2008) However, at the same time it is also important to note the fact that the success that British airline was not only and solely due to an increasing employee training but there were several other factors which were also important and contributed to the increasing revenue levels. One of the factors included improved legal and government conditions along with technological changes.BA has encouraged individual learning by providing wide employee access to two major learning programs. The first program is based upon principles of open learning; it can finally lead to an MBA and provides a number of progressive stages and qualifications. The completion of each stage gives access to the next qualification. The MBA awarded by the University of Bath. The second program Top Flight provides a series of Academies which are a number of development steps, designed to allow an individual to progress to an executive position. REWARD MANAGEMENT British Airline was motivating people with good remuneration package and rewards. They moving towards individually determined remuneration as well as both intrinsic and extrinsic benefits. They were giving standardized pay and also individual performance pay. The main proportion of salaried staff earnings is based upon pay rates which are governed by a job evaluation grading system. There is also a company -wide performance related bonus scheme paid to all employees and there have been offers of free and discounted shares. BA has also introduced an opportunity for all employees to purchase tax free shares through a trust using their company performance bonus. BA pays standardized salary as well as individual performance pay. They know that if employees are satisfied they will give the best effort for the company success; employees are start thinking that they are the part of company. So, it is clear that through the training Development programme and good remuneration packages staffs provide the high quality customer services and would be more committed to the company. Employees are more committed toward company for their remuneration package and rewards. And they go ahead to achieve the organization goal. PERFORMANCE APPARASIAL Performance appraisal measures the qualitative and quantitative aspects of job performance. An appraisal evaluates not only the employees performance but also his potential for development. The primary objectives of an appraisal are to assess past performance, to identify training needs, to set and agree on future objectives and standards, and to facilitate the achievement of these goals. Individual employee development is a part of a broader concern that BA has developed for the individual employee .As a part of the overall concern with organization culture, BAs philosophy has focused much more attention upon individual performance and this has led to the induction of a companywide -appraisal scheme. The main purpose of this scheme was to improve the relationship between reward and performance and this has reflected in a linked element of performance related pay. British airway has introduced performance related payments. Thus the more efficiently each of the employees works, the more likely it is for the organization to pay the individual worker a certain amount of payments. Moreover, there have been numerous and increasing companywide appraisal schemes introduced by the organization. Thus the harder and more the employee works, the more likely is it for the employee to earn a greater reward in the organization. Moreover, the amount of employees receiving remunerations on an individual basis is increasing at a radical rate at the organization. For instance the administrative staff at the British airways has also started being paid on the basis of their performance. (Armstrong, 2007) HRM MODELS MACTHING MODEL HARVARD MODEL MATCHING MODEL This model states that the HR systems and the organisation structure should be managed in such a way that is similar with the organisational strategy. This is the hard HRM which is interested only in making money or profit. It focussed on individual and organisational performance and concentrates on managing human assets to achieve strategic goals. It explained that there is human resource cycle that consists of generic processes like organisational structure, mission and strategy, human resource management, selection, performance, appraisal, rewards and development. It is based upon strategic control, organisational structure systems for managing people. It requires that human resource strategies have a tight fit to overall of the business. Mission and strategy Economic forces Cultural forces Organizational structure Human resource management MISSION AND STRATEGY: Mission means the specific target that the company wants to reach and strategy is the way through the company can reach their target. The mission of British Airways is to be the best and most successful airline in the world and the strategy is by providing high quality of customer service through resource planning which could not be easily duplicated. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE: This means all the required things that needed to achieve the target. BA launched some programmes for their staff like putting people first, customer first campaign, managing people first, etc. They gave more powers to the line managers to take quick decisions and also break down bureaucracy. They also provide some learning programmes like MBA and series of academies for their staff. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: This is related to the recruitment of new staff. BA replaced some managers which were Air Force retired persons with the staff with analytical skills or the intellectual capacity rather than management experience in the service industries. HARVARD MODEL This model was developed by Beer et al in 1984. This is the soft model which aims at enhancing the commitment, quality and flexibility of employees. Soft model is also known as high commitment management. Here more responsibilities are given to the line managers for ensuring the alignment of competitive strategy and HR policies. This model is based upon individual influence, work systems, rewards and human resource flow; and concentrate upon outcomes for people. Its main components are work system, human resources flow, rewards, stakeholder interests, situational factors, HRM policies choices, HR outcomes, long term consequences. Stakeholder interests Shareholders Management Employee groups Government community unions HRM policy choices Employee influence Human resource flow Reward system Work system HR outcomes Commitment Competence cost-effectiveness Long-term consequences Individual well-being Organizational effectiveness Societal well-being Situational factors Workforce characteristics Business strategy and conditions Management philosophy Labor market Unions Task technology laws and societal values In Harvard model, extra powers and authorities are given to the line managers to fulfill organisations objective. This incorporate recruitment, selection, development and redundancy for the people in the organisation. Managers have to ensure putting right employee at right place and in right time. To motivate productivity, Harvard Model suggested some rewards system to the employees, which include pay, bonus, free and discounted share, holidays, health insurance, empowerment, etc. This model includes long term consequences which refer to individual well beings. These incorporate individual interest, organisational competencies, and the need of the society and community as a whole. In this model, stakeholders are those persons who have interest or shares in the organisation. Situational factor includes workforce, labour markets, union representation, laws, business environment, technology and work system; these issues lead to the HRM policy choices of employee influence. Work system r efers to the efficiency and productivity of work force to meet the organisational goal. For work to be done effectively, efficient communication channels and correct technology are needed. For this purpose, British Airways gave more powers and authorities to the line managers, so that there should not be any kind of delay and they can take quick decisions. HR Planning and Development Methods Firstly British Airline tends to recruit on the basis of analytical skill and intellectual capacity rather than management experience in a service industry. They are always tried to ensure that staff would provide a consistent high quality service to customers an achieving efficient flight operations. Many managers had also joined the company from Royal Air Force. They recruit the perfect person and place them on exact position. Secondly, British Airline setup several training programs for both new and old staff. Such as Customer First Campaign to meet the customer needs. Putting People First which was two day programme aimed at almost 20000 staff that had significant customer contact. This program was designed to persuade participants to examine their own existing values towards their passengers and where necessary to replace them with more helpful and supportive ones. Managing People first a one week residential training course. The programme was specifically designed to breakdown the bureaucracy. The bureaucracy had developed underlying values of order, rationality, dependability and system control. Finally British Airline pays good remuneration to employees and also gives both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. They plan to motivate people as well as make their assets. BA offers free and discounted shares. BA has also introduced a novel scheme which gives an opportunity for all employees to purchase tax-free shares through a trust using their company performance bonus. BA has encouraged individual learning by providing wide employee access to two major learning programs. The first program is based upon principles of open learning; it can finally lead to an MBA and provides a number of progressive stages and qualifications. The completion of each stage gives access to the next qualification. The MBA awarded by the University of Bath. The second program Top Flight provides a series of Academies which are a number of development steps, designed to allow an individual to progress to an executive position. Evaluation: British Airlines corporative objective is To be the best and most successful airline in the world. So to achieve this objective it makes huge investment on human resources. It recruits highly skill and intellectual people. BA replaces them with more helpful and supportive ones. It provides training on the basis of different skills. It developed employees as more customer friendly, knowledgeable and efficient. They form trade union for welfare or participation of line staff on strategic plan of the company. BA pays standardized salary as well as individual performance pay. They know that if employees are satisfied they will give the best effort for the company success; employees are start thinking that they are the part of company. So, it is clear that through the training Development programme and good remuneration packages staffs provide the high quality customer services and would be more committed to the company. And they go ahead to achieve the organization goal. HR Performances of British Airways In seventies BA performances were disappointing, When BA had serious difficulties retaining customer in competitive international airline industry. In 1980 BA recorded significant losses. Before 1990 BA found negative attitude from passengers in a research. Customers were dissatisfied with customer BAs customer services. For this reason BA redesign and restructure its Human Resources. BA makes huge investment on HR planning and HR performances. It setup many training and development program for line staffs and managers. It is hard to say how much impact the programme has had; it is commonly understood in training circles it is difficult to measure the value of training. However, British Airline believes that this programme has been successful, that a significant cultural change has been achieved at all levels of the organization, and that this cultural change has made a significant contribution to the steady improvement in the business performance. An extensive market research shown that customer have developed more positive attitudes towards service that they now receive as compared with the predominance of negative attitudes that were recorded in similar surveys conducted earlier in the 1990s. These satisfied customers must have an important factor in supporting BAs performance improve improvement. So its easily identified that with this HR planning and development, BA increases their HR performance that lead to the improvement of the organizations performance. On the other hand BA employees now more happy with remuneration and rewards. They are getting opportunities to learn through different training and qualification of MBA degree awarded by the University of Bath after competition of management training. They are getting basic pay as well as individual performance pay and scheme that benefited them more than the before. Through the trade union employees can participate on organization strategic decision. They can raise their voice against any critical issue of the company. That makes the employees happier. Employee turnover are less now than before .Employees are satisfied with their job description, responsibilities and working environment. Employees absenteeism is reduced significantly. They are now highly committed to the company success. Ways to improve HR performances It is very difficult to suggest BA. Because they are the worlds largest passenger airlines company in the world and they have many intellectual people for hunting innovation idea and planning every moment. In spite of this practical situation some ways of improvement are described below: British airlines significant development is that they made a small HR strategy and planning department with some specialist people in the UK. It can be suggesting that if they integrated more people with this department and also spread not only in Europe, but also other continents where they are earning more. As a result same cultural people will provide customer service to their own customers. They can easily share their feeling and fulfill the needs of customer. Employee would be happy to serve same people as like they are. British airline can run different talent hunt programme for recruit their best fitted people. They can go to the college and university and pick up the best student; those are very keen to learn and have creative ideas for the future excellent service both customer service and flight operation. BA can launch more training and development programme after certain time to compete with the competitors and updated technological knowledge. They have to push their employee towards extrinsic rewards to see happier. CONCLUSION Thus as highlighted by this paper, the British airways successfully manages the human resources department by an increasing amount of planning and organization. They also launched some learning programmes for the employees to do MBA and to reach at executive position. They mainly concentrated upon the improvement of delivering good customer service so that they can attract more customers and gain more profit; with this they want to become the worlds most successful airline. At the end, I can say that it is crucial to use both soft and hard HRM in order to meet the organisational business requirement and to remain worlds most successful airline.

Is Medical Testing On Animals Ethical :: essays research papers

Every year, nearly one hundred million animals die in research laboratories at the hands of curious scientists who perform outdated and inaccurate tests that prove no benefit to humans or animals. I believe vivisection, medical testing on animals, should be banned.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before these animals die they are routinely burned, scalded, poisoned, starved, given electric shocks, and deliberately inflicted with deadly diseases. Their eyes are surgically removed, and their brains and spinal cords are damaged; this is completed without any kind of anesthesia. Despite all of this cruelty, not a single disease has been cured through vivisection in this century. The overall cancer rate has risen in the past forty years, and a fatal heart attack strikes a person every forty-five seconds. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimate that seventy to eighty percent of the common diseases killing Americans can be prevented by a responsible lifestyle and diet. Drug testing on animals is not accurate and has no advantage to animals or people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Animals including dogs, cats, mice, pigs, monkeys, horses, deer, and cattle are commonly used for these senseless experimentations. The other remaining misfortunate animals come from places a little closer to you and me. Some of them come from animal shelters, some from the “free to a good home'; ads in the newspaper, or, even worse, some have been stolen directly from their own yard. Imagine your pet being crammed into a cage with ten other animals waiting to die in these cruel and heartless experiments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The current system of drug testing places consumers in a dangerous predicament. For example, some drugs passed safe in animal experiments but proved tragic consequences in humans. Conversely, many drugs that are beneficial to humans are dangerous or even fatal to animals. This is obvious proof that testing on animals is unreliable, but sadistic tests still go on every day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If animal experimentation was eliminated, it could save up to 6.8 billion dollars. This money could be used for medical assistance programs for low-income individuals, helping the many Americans who can not afford insurance, rather than killing animals or making them sick.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There will be nearly 275 thousand animals dead this time tomorrow that were not dead right now.

Multicultural Awareness Essay

The purpose of this paper is to analyze oneself by taking the Multicultural-Self Assessment and learn about the â€Å"Other† of one self. This will help one to associate with clients from different cultures. Multicultural Self-Assessment Summary The results of the Multicultural Self-Assessment were not surprising to me. Thirteen of the answers were five (5), which is not surprising to me because I was taught by my family and I to accept â€Å"Others† and not to judge anyone if you do not want to be judge yourself. What two four’s (4) were not want I thought I would answer but I had to think very hard on it. I do like to listen to others ideas to a certain point. The point would be when the idea is against a certain group and that’s where I draw line or it just benefits one certain group I will also draw the line there. I have learned to be much opened mind in the area of different cultural in our society and in the rest of the world. My behavior is the same with enter acting with peers, strangers, family, and co-workers. I refuse to change because of someone’s culture. The saying â€Å"What you see is what you get† (Flip Wilson, 1960) that is how I see myself. Story of Being â€Å"Other† The story of â€Å"Other† did not come until I went away for the first time to the University of New Mexico. I notice that there were many different organizations that were comprised of different races and cultures. I did not realize that there were people who did not like certain races or cultures. I was walking by my dorm and this young man who I see around campus before stopped me and ask me why my people (Mexican) come to this country and take away jobs of white people . I had to take a double take when he told me that and turn around and replied what type of jobs is being taken away from his people? He answered all types. I was angry but remained calm and told him that most of the jobs are in the fields, washing dishes, maid, and gardeners. He went on to say that those jobs are for them and in which I said I have not seen anyone out in the hot sun picking crops for more than  eight hours. The young man told me to return to my country and stop taking up space that belong to his people. I have never been so offend so much in my life that it shocked me that I did not realize that I was being discriminated against . I finally opened my mind and eyes as to what is going on and finally told him that I will never leave this country because it’s where I was born here. Then he went on to say that he was going to call ICE on me and I told him to go ahead and that I was half-Mexican and Native American. He then stop talking to me and started too walked away and turned around and said â€Å"Dirty Mexican.† This situation made me open my eyes and I started to realize that within our society we need to understand different cultures and races and give the respect and honor them. â€Å"Other† and Multicultural-Self Assessment Reflection Being the â€Å"Other† and taking the Multicultural-Self Assessment has a great meaning to me, because of the up-bring I am the person that I am now days. With the help of my parents and my religious education that I had made me see that the world is filled with different types of people and one can learn many things about the different cultural and one can learn something from those cultures. I enjoy to meeting people and I do in my work and I have enjoyed working with everyone. I was not surprise that in the result of receiving so many 5 in the assessment. I have been told that I make friends easy and accept everyone without judgment. I am not saying I am perfect but I do have some faults. Next Steps The action that I would take is to use Emic when it comes to dealing with one’s client. Emic approaches allow for the professional counselor to conceptualize the client as an individual and attend to cultural variations and culturally specific interventions (Hays & Gray, 2014). To be opened minded towards a person who has different beliefs and cultural. One must be able to work with clients that come from different cultures and to be able use knowledge of their cultures to can help one as a professional to help his or her client. Statement of Counseling Identity This one was a little harder to think about but my Statement of Counseling.  Identity would be â€Å"I am the person who you will fire after you are on your right path .† I want to be known for the counselor that her client does not need anymore. To let my clients know what to expect from me as their counselor. Explain that I am neither a psychologist nor a license clinical social worker (Coppock, 2012). Importance of Multicultural Awareness and Competence in Counseling Multicultural Awareness is very handy tool for a counselor; it shows where how one interacts with different cultures. This tool can show what one’s weakness is and one’s strong area is. Using the assessment is used then one is in competence to their clients. It must be able to fulfill the right outcome to one’s clients with using any judgmental or basis. References Coppock , Timothy E. (March 1, 2012) â€Å"A Closer Look at Developing Counselor Identity,† Counseling Today: Retrieve from www ct.counseling.org/2012/†¦/a-closer-look-at-developing-counselor-identity. Petrone, M. C. (2004). Multicultural self-assessment. In M. D. Cox & L. Richlin (Eds.), Building faculty learning communities (pp. 122–123). San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons. Vernon, A., & Erford, B.T. (2014). Human Development throughout the Lifespan. In B. T. Erford (Ed.), Orientation to the Counseling Profession: Advocacy, Ethics, and Essential Professional Foundations (2nd. ed.). (pp. 215–239). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

The Byod Security Risk

The BYOD Security Risk Introduction The introduction of mobile devices in the workplace has been on the rise and there is no denying that these devices are transforming how companies do business. This has introduced the BYOD or Bring Your Own Device model in the workplace and its becoming more popular every day. BYOD is a policy that accepts employees bringing personally owned mobile devices to their workplace and using them to access company data such as email, file servers and databases as well as their personal applications and data.But as data transmissions increase with these devices so does the chances of them being hacked and the burden of successfully managing the mobile devices is laid upon the IT departments. One of the real underlying issue with BYOD and mobile security is the that people in IT, compliance and internal audit aren't willing to stick their necks out and try to enforce their mobile security policies or enforce an effective Enterprise Mobility Management solut ion. First Section Title goes hereEnterprise Mobility Management can be described as the set of people, processes and technology focused on managing the increasing array of mobile devices, wireless networks, and related services to enable broad use of mobile computing in a business context. Enterprise Mobility can be broken down into 2 parts Mobile Application Management and Mobile Device Management. In short Mobile Application Management or MAM is the use of secure application to connect employees to Crop data and the application secures the data from other apps on your phone.Mobile Device Management or MDM takes a centralized approach and installs an application on the mobile device and the software allows you to use all your native apps to access Crop data and email and is managed from a centralized server. Both these examples of Enterprise Mobility Management have their own pros and cons but provide solid solution to the mobile security issues in the workplace. Second Section ti tle goes here With the increasing need for mobile devices in the workplace and although ost employees have embarrassed it most IT departments are not ready to meet the security demands a mobile device network can put on a company. Let’s look at this survey where 4,000 employees in a verity of industries across 16 countries were surveyed and half of them use their mobile devices for work. CIO’s and IT departments want to embrace the BYOD model to help accomplish their company’s mission but they want to do it securely. At this point the secret is out BYOD is a real issue and IT departments need to strategize now for an effective enterprise mobility management solution.It’s time to ignore the standard approved device list, locking down corporate apps, and enforcing mobile device policy. The risk of a CIO or IT department failing to implement a suitable solution for their mobile device network is very real. It’s time to explore new ideas to effectively manage a mobile device network via the Enterprise Mobility platform. The invasion of mobile device’s into the workplace is going to happen weather industry leaders want them to or not, and smarter companies are looking to deploy Enterprise Mobility strategies before they are overrun.Third Section title goes here Adapting security and management for the new generation of mobile devices is turning out to be a huge corporate challenge. The Company Thomson Reuters like many companies is struggling to find which enterprise mobility management and security systems for their mobile device network consisting of mostly IPads and IPhones. Thomson Reuters has introduced the BYOD approach to its users to but not without a signed document requiring employees to surrender their device to IT if necessary if detection of negligent use.The problem with BYOD is that current IT, compliance and internal audits departments need to â€Å"Get With It† and enforce their mobile security polic ies. The threat of a security breach with mobile devices is real and large companies need to realize it and find the balance between usability and security. And it’s not just large companies and corporations that are being affected the BYOD model or the user of mobile devices in the workplace. Small business in the last several years and most businesses found mobile devices useful.But few small businesses are a where of the significances of an adequate mobile device management solution. A survey was conducted by CDW of 753 mobile device users and IT professionals from July 2012 to June 2012. The survey found that 79% of the small businesses deployed smart-phones to some of their employees but 67% of IT managers in the survey are unfamiliar with Enterprise Mobility Management software. The use or knowledge of mobile device management is virtually non-existent in small businesses.Fourth Section title goes here Not only is the lack of preparation by IT departments a problem in p osing a security risk, but the devices and the applications on them pose a security risk. Bit9 did a research study analyzing the security permissions of Androids 400,000 apps and found over 100,000 posed a security risk. 72% of them use at least one high-risk permission and 26% access personal data such as gps location, email, and contacts information.Even some basic apps like wallpaper apps ask for gps data and should be a red flag to users. Having these apps on your Android mobile device along with company date could be a serious problem. Especially since the average user doesn’t read the information pertaining to the app their installing. Fifth Section title goes here Furthermore the mobile devices themselves can be lost or stolen and if the data is not encrypted it can be accessed. In less than two years, from September 22, 2009 through May8, 2011, the U. S.Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office for Civil Rights (OCR) indicates that 116 data breaches of 500 records or more were the direct result of the loss or theft of a mobile device, exposing more than 1. 9 million patients' PHI. Sixty-four percent of physicians own smartphones and 30 percent of physicians have an iPad, with another 28 percent planning to buy one within six months, according to a recent Manhattan Research study. If one of these devices with patient information was lost without any type of enterprise mobility management software the patient data can be exposed.Conclusion In conclusion businesses can save money by letting employee’s buy their own devices, IT departments need to implement secure, efficient ways to let employees, contractors and guests gain access to the corporate network, while protecting data and applications. It takes a proactive approach to solve this BYOD problem and IT departments need to educate themselves on an enterprise mobility solution as mobile devices in the workplace is only going to play a larger role. Being able to manage and sec ure your mobile device network should be a priority of an IT Department.

It is often difficult to understand what a teacher Essays

It is often difficult to understand what a teacher Essays It is often difficult to understand what a teacher means when they ask you to write analytically or they put comments on your essay that say "Analyze this in more detail!" or, even less helpfully, just "Analysis?" Here is a good example of how analytical writing differs from other kinds of writing which will hopefully make it clear what I want when I ask you to analyze a text. All of the examples are based on the text Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, which we have not studied, but the key differences between the different levels of writing should still be apparent. There are four basic levels in writing about literature: Description Commentary Discussion Analysis Level 1: Description The following quotation illustrates descriptive writing: Jane is mistreated by the Reed family, and although she is solely dependent on them to secure her livelihood, she speaks out against her harsh treatment' This is clearly just describing what happens in the text. Descriptive writing tends to simply retell the story and stick to the sequential order of events in the plot. In essay work, description of this kind is basically of a limited value and can never secure a high grade. It does demonstrate that the novel has been read but gives no indication of whether anything has been understood about the significance of the events depicted. Level 2: Commentary The next quotation begins in the same way but progresses further. It is an example of commentary writing. Jane is mistreated by the Reed family, and although she is solely dependent on them to secure her livelihood, she speaks out against her harsh treatment. This shows that Jane is becoming something which society disapproves of - a woman with a voice and opinions of her own ' Here, we have moved from description to commentary. The factual description is supplemented by comments on the significance of events. This is where you start to gain marks - but the above commentary is still limited. If the essay continues in this way, citing incidents and attributing significance, then it would disintegrate into a long list of events, with none examined closely. Therefore, it is at this point that you must progress into the third level. Level 3: Discussion Discussion is a developed treatment of one single event in the text. When she protests against her treatment by the Reeds, Jane, of course, engages in a laudable act of rebellion and self-assertion. But the emphasis of the passage is not really upon this but upon the heroine's realization of her own powers which are tested in this episode for the first time. What strength had I to dart retaliation at my antagonist?' she begins by asking herself. When she makes her verbal assault I gathered my energies and launched them in this blunt sentence', she is herself shocked at the force of her own words as Mrs. Reed is silenced and rebuffed Mrs. Reed lookedfrightened ...she was lifting up her hands and even twisting her face as if she would cry' ' Here the essay has moved from commentary, which is essentially a series of more or less isolated points on events in the book, to discussion. This is a sequence of points linked together and having a single focus. The preceding quotation concerns one aspect of the scene, which is Jane's sense of the force of her own personality. There is an underlying meaning which the essay has picked out and highlighted: If Jane had stated in the text she was shocked at the force of her words, this would be descriptive . However, she does not, and so the essay writer has had to work this out for themselves which takes this beyond the level of description. If the essay praised or blamed her for her assertiveness or told us why it was important then this would have been commentary and part of a catalogue of events which are listed and either approved or disapproved of. Instead, what makes this discussion is that it picks up on a less obvious aspect of the text and then explores and writes about its implications in greater detail. Commentary can be described as passing rapidly over text

ground rules

ground rules Free Online Research Papers What are ground rules? They are the minimum necessary conditions for getting learning work done in the class. They may include: * Arriving on time * Respecting health and safety regulations (You may well be in breach of your contract and legally liable for accidents if you do not cover these, including explaining the detail.) * Switching off mobile phones * Not interrupting fellow-students * Not moving to do something requested until given an explicit cue (rather than order), such as Go! * Respecting other peoples contributions * Only having one conversation at a time in the class. There is no definitive list for all classes, but it is a useful exercise to think through what you want on the list before you start the class: if you dont know what you want, how will the students know? Do Ground Rules work? No. They are necessary but not sufficient. * Ethically, it is not fair to castigate people for violating rules unless they know and understand them. Currently, the buzz-word is transparency. * Pragmatically, they are hostages to fortune. They state what students have to do to incur your wrath: if someone is determined to be disruptive and to get attention in that way, it is better if they know what to do (which may be very minor if you are very strict), rather than have to experiment to find out what will rattle your cage. * On the other hand, they can be experienced as patronising: Who is this guy who thinks we have to be told how to behave in a class? See the point about sharing below. So dont just lay down the law. You can use a spirit of honest enquiry to clarify them through questions: Is there anyone who expects that they may have difficulty getting here for the official start-time? Do any of you need to keep your mobiles on, for family or on-call reasons? OK, could you set them up for silent ring, please? What are the Ground Rules about Ground Rules? These are the meta-ground rules! * Never neglect them. You may have a class of stroppy and unmotivated adolescents, or a small group of keen senior citizens: they can all waste a lot of time trying to find out what these rules are if you dont help to clarify them. * I said, help to clarify them, not impose them. They only really Research Papers on ground rulesStandardized TestingThe Hockey GameArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Hip-Hop is ArtThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTrailblazing by Eric AndersonQuebec and CanadaMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New Employees19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on Children

The most popular series for college students

The most popular series for college students Most Popular series HBO for students Are you looking for a good series to watch with your friends? Then look through the list of the best HBO series of all time. Exciting plot, perfect acting, special effects, and good company – everything you need for relaxation after classes. Just choose series that interested you most of all and plunge into the world of unforgettable experiences together with its characters. Westworld Lisa Joy, Jonathan Nolan Anthony Hopkins, Evan Rachel Wood, Ed Harris, Thandie Newton, Jimmi Simpson, Jeffrey Wright, James Marsden Westworld is an American science fiction western thriller television series. It was created by Lisa Joy and Jonathan Nolan for HBO. It is a screen remake of Michael Crichton`s 1973 film of the same name. This 10-episode series is about the evolution of sin and the artificial consciousness. The main characters reveal the dark truths about themselves and prove that it is our past experiences that form our current selves. You will see how it can be difficult sometimes to carve your own path in life. The CGI technology and creativity of Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy made each episode haunting. Girls Lena Dunham Alex Karpovsky, Lena Dunham, Adam Driver, Allison Williams, Zosia Mamet, Jemima Kirke Lena Dunham refuses to conform to identity politics in her series. Nobody will make her conform to a prevailing ideology. There are times when she protects women`s rights and there are times when she hates feminists. There are times when she is a loyal liberal and there are times when liberals want to get rid of her. Lena Dunham just tries to tell her story honestly. The experiences of her main characters reflect something that can happen with girls in real life. Bored to Death Creator: Jonathan Ames Stars: Heather Burns, Jason Schwartzman, Ted Danson, Zach Galifianakis The ridiculous misadventures of Brooklyn writer and faux detective Jonathan Ames and his friends won`t leave you indifferent. This TV series is something special for students. It keeps the most crucial moments in secret. You will find yourself in the little world of the writer who does his best and reveals his creativity to change his life. This TV adventure is really unforgettable. Sex and the City Darren Star Cynthia Nixon, Kim Cattrall, Sarah Jessica Parker, Kristin Davis The HBO television series 'Sex and the City' received an Emmy nomination for Best Comedy Series as nominations were announced in Los Angeles, July 12, 2001. Cast members shown (L-R) are Kim Cattrall, Cynthia Nixon, Kristin Davis, Sarah Jessica Parker. The Emmy Awards will be presented in Los Angeles September 16. REUTERS/Nigel Parry/HBO/Handout This TV series will definitely go down in history. â€Å"Sex and the City† remains one of the most incredible TV moments of all times. It is a loud call for agency among the marginalized women. You will plunge into the world of sexuality and romance with Samantha Jones, Miranda Hobbes, Carrie Bradshaw, and Charlotte York. They talk about their travels in life, their sexual fantasies and desires, lesbianism and love. Curb Your Enthusiasm Creator: Larry David Stars: Susie Essman, Larry David, Jeff Garlin, Cheryl Hines This TV series was HBO`s trademark comedy throughout the last decade. It was Larry David`s masterful escalation from rage to annoyance to embarrassment and the acting of his fantastic cast that made this show so incredible. The main character irritates everybody, gets into troubles, and pretends that he did nothing wrong. You will laugh throughout the show. Enlightened Creator: Mike White and Laura Dern Stars: Diane Ladd, Luke Wilson, Laura Dern, Sarah Burns â€Å"Enlightened† is one of the decade`s best TV series. It is full of hope, satisfaction, failures, and life disappointments. Amy Jellicoe tries to reinvent the world, change herself, rebuild her relationships, and approach perfection. Some life circumstances lead her to a mental breakdown. However, she is sure that she should change her life dramatically to find happiness and achieve success. The Sopranos Davis Chase Stars: Robert Iler, James Gandolfini, Tony Sirico, Lorraine Bracco, Steven Van Zandt, Edie Falco, Dominic Chianese, Michael Imperioli The remorseless killer, mob boss, goodhearted friend, loving father and husband Tony Soprano deals with professional and personal issues in his home and business. His way of life affects his mental state in a great way as he tries to balance between good and evil. This extraordinary television series will make you sure that even murderers can have some feelings, justifications, and aspirations. Game of Thrones Creator: D.B. Weiss, David Benioff Stars: Aidan Gillen, Emilia Clarke, Kit Harington, Lena Headey, Peter Dinklage, Sophie Turner, Maisie Williams, Nikolai Coster-Waldau This geopolitical drama is so epic and breathtaking that you won`t take your eyes of the screen. You will be astonished with the quick nobility of Jon Snow, the quick wit of Tyrion and Varys, the complicated redemption of Jaime, the defiant spunk of Arya, and the heartless villainy of Tywin Lannister.This series was criticized for its brutal rape scenes and gratuitousnudity, but its depiction of one of the strongest female characters on TV was something special. Insecure Creator: Larry Wilmore and Issa Rae Stars: Lisa Joyce, Jay Ellis, Issa Rae, Yvonne Orji This series is about the awkward experiences and racy tribulations of a modern African-American woman. The comedy about the misadventures of the awkward black girl tackles many important issues such as individual biases in the workplace or reckoning with institutional racism. Behind the humor the main characters try to grapple with conflicts inside and outside black culture.   Oz Tom Fontana Dean Winters, Eamonn Walker, Lee Tergesen, J.K. Simmons, Harold Perrineau, Rita Moreno, George Morfogen, Christopher Meloni, Terry Kinney, Ernie Hudson, Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, Kirk Acevedo This series is about the unpredictable stress and violence of the daily living in prison. It explores all aspects of life in a correctional facility – wars between gangs, drugs, sex, and violence. â€Å"Oz† is a nickname for this extremely controlled environment where everything is done to ease tensions among various groups of prisoners.

American Exceptionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Exceptionalism - Essay Example Throughout the history, American political leaders have been "relatively autonomous" from political pressures and are able to use their autonomy to solve problems confronting the state. During the Cold War, the international policy challenged Truman administration and national security planners. In the early Cold War period was the problematic nature of life in the "atomic age," which explicitly connected public with national security policy. The battle against the Soviet Union and communism marked a new period in American political agenda. In contrast to other states, the USA followed exceptionalist policies based on the idea of the American way of life and liberty. During this period of time, America joined anti-internationalist streak and opposed participation in international institutions. These international relations led to changes on the national level. Parliamentary systems of government abound elsewhere in the world and can be divided into various categories; no other advanced industrialized democracy has emulated the American system. American institutions are exceptional. The battle against communism and anti-internationalist streak caused new worldviews help by most Americans. ... Americans expect less of government in services, particularly in the provision of social welfare, than do citizens of zither democracies; they strongly support civil liberties such as freedom of the press; and they are of course strongly in favor of a democratic form of government. Chief among the political traditions that have been strong elsewhere but almost absent from American politics has been social democracy. The United States is unique among industrialized democracies in never having had a social democratic movement with a strong popular following. After the Cold war, Americans continued their international expansion and were involved in the Gild War. Nuclear weapons revolutionized how the U.S. military was actually used, in, for example, Korea, Vietnam, or the Gulf War (Spanos 89).The argument here is first an existential claim that nuclear weapons changed the way Americans understood its place in a world. Truman administration planners charged with managing postwar national security policy did conceive of nuclear weapons as revolutionary in the sense that they believed doctrinal changes tied to the integration of nuclear weapons into the armed forces did have consequences for the state and society. The Vietnam War and the Gulf war changed national values and traditions of the nation. Exceptionalism was codified in the Weinberger Doctrine (1984) and the Powell Doctrine (1990=1991). A new period in international politics was marked by new international policies introduced by Bill Clinton. The politics of exceptionalism was embodied in Clinton's politics of enlargement and engagement, his vision of Iraqi leader and nuclear weapon (Ignatieff 94). Both Congress and the media (the presidency much less so) have

Finance- Global Stock Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance- Global Stock Markets - Essay Example The Dow Jones low point was USD10,608 and its high point was USD 11,439 a fluctuation of only USD 831, or slightly less than 1%. The change from the first point (September 20) to the last date charted (November 22) was even lower. The Israeli stock exchange rose from USD 34,361 to USD 35, 348, an increase of USD 987. At the same time the Dow Jones rose from USD 10,608 to USD 11,083.75, an increase of only USD 475.75. This means that if an individual had invested USD 100,000 across the board in each stock exchange at the end of the period their Israeli investment would be worth USD 104,597.90 while their Dow Jones investment would have increased to USD 104, 484.80. Over a period of less than three months this is not an inconsiderable profit, particularly if it were to be increased by a factor of five to make it roughly equivalent to one year (as opposed to ten weeks). On the other hand, it demonstrates a remarkable disconnect between the markets and current events. This was no ordinary period in either the United States or Israel yet, viewed over two months, the stock exchanges slowly, but reasonably steadily, increased in value. In the United States a mid-term election campaign was waged, that included cataclysmic predictions of a Democrat debacle and featured the wild card of the tea partiers. In fact the Dow Jones increased steadily from September until the election: The campaign uncertainty and predictions of disaster for the Presidents party had no negative impact on the stock market. On October 28, 2010, only days before the election New York Times columnist Paul Krugman wrote, â€Å"future historians will probably look back at the 2010 election as a catastrophe for America, one that condemned the nation to years of political chaos and economic weakness.† His piece concluded with this warning: â€Å"So if the elections go as expected next week, here’s my advice: Be

Vignette 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Vignette 4 - Essay Example The three boys of three-fifth grade occupy themselves into disreputable activities during the process of learning. Teachers and students must learn the relevant ways of navigating within cultural differences in a respectful way and atmosphere of mutual respect. This promotes learning in the most effective ways to develop ideas that promote development within learning. Students increase their ability of learning when lessons are conducted in a culturally responsive manner that is consistent with the community values and norms of interaction. It is essential for teachers to teach students new methods of learning that involves interactive cultural participation since it promotes students learning. In vignette 4, students shout out answers that elicit laughter interrupting the learning process. It disrupts the other students’ attention and develops disrespect to the other scholars, as the teacher suit irrelevancy in displaying her duties as an instructor. Classroom applications of Vyogotskian theory explain the importance of teacher preparation and changing roles of teacher in the socio cultural classroom. The theory explains the changing roles of teachers and students to develop understanding in their roles and teaching methods. Moreover, socio cultural developments of Vygoskian theory determines learning patterns that helps teachers in developing relevant teaching methods for the students especially in their different cultures that makes the learning process interesting. Moreover, students’ talking to each other in the same classroom signifies insolence and poor listening skills among the students. Such students automatically perform poorly at the end of the semester because some of the important aspects taught in the classroom overlook them and they no longer become familiar with some of the important details that were taught in that lecture. Based on psychology and education, influence on naturalism is the main cause of

Summary of the Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of the - Article Example One of the absences is the absence of historical context that makes the painting mysterious and unchanging (35). She stresses that, in reality, the late 1860s, the period of the painting, is the period of French colonization of the Near East, which means that there is nothing mysterious or unchanging in the context of the painting. The other absences in the paintings are the presence of Westerners and art. Nochlin emphasizes that Westerners are present in The Snake Charmer by being the ones gazing at the painting. She notes that Westerners create meanings through projecting their ideas and feelings about Orientals on the painting. As for the absence of art, Nochlin criticizes Gà ©rà ´mes realism because it only appears logical and objective as an artistic approach, but it actually hides the reality of how Westerners perceived Orientals as lazy and decadent, by showing how they allow their cultural icons to decay. Moreover, Nochlin contrasts the success of The Snake Charmer over Eug à ¨ne Delacroix’s Death of Sardanapalus. She argues that Gà ©rà ´me was successful in allowing male Westerners to identify with power over women and the darker-skinned without giving them moral responsibility for these thoughts and actions unlike Delacroix. Hence, Nochlin shows that Orientalist paintings represent Western ideas and beliefs about Near Easterners where their main goals were political and physical domination and exploitation over the

Tax File Memorandam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tax File Memorandam - Assignment Example According to Section 165(c) (3): Reg. Â §1.165-7, losses which can be in partial or complete damage of properties that are contributed due to storm, shipwreck or fire, or any other casualty are considered to be deductible casualty losses. Again, IRS Publication 547: Casualties, Disasters, and Theft [2013] demands that, any damage associated with any automobile accident becomes considered under a deductible casualty loss. It is when the automobile is used for either business or for personal use as stated in Reg. Â §1. 165-7(a) (3). However, it is required that for a taxpayer to be able to claim the casualty deductible, the event that causes the casualty must be determined as sudden [see Rev. Rul. 72-592, 1972-2 CB 101]. A sudden event is required to be swift and happens very fast at ones. It is different from an even which is progressive and takes time gradually. We would consider that Georges automobile submerged into the frozen lake at ones and not gradually since it occurred with in a short period. The event is qualified to be a swift, hence a sudden one. George can only be denied the deduction if the court carries out its research well and finds out that it is through Georges negligence, (W.H. Carpenter v Commr, 25 TCM 1186, Dec.28.148 (M)), that his automobile was submerged and destroyed (Reg. Â §1. 165-7(a)(3)(i)). However, under the circumstance of sudden destruction of the automobile, including looting, fire or theft, George and any other taxpayer will be allowed a deduction. It is, therefore, determined that, in Georges case, the damage to the automobile was more likely than not, caused by a causality. The determination could only occur if George were not aware of the possibility that the frozen lake could submerge. However, if it could be determined that George was aware of the possibility that the frozen lake could possibly submerge, and he went ahead to park his car on it, then the deduction could be denied due to

The Influence Of Technology On Hospitality Firms Essay

The Influence Of Technology On Hospitality Firms - Essay Example The hospitality industry is a very wide and far reaching industry that covers many businesses and people. It has been defined as including hotels, restaurant, and all facilities that provide shelter, food, and other services to people away from home. Hence, there is an appreciation of the grand scale of facilities that are covered within the hospitality industry. This article will assess the role that technology has played in ensuring that this industry has continued to be effectively managed (Barrows & Powers, 2009). Technology in the Hospitality Industry The hospitality industry has for a long time been slow in adopting technology. Due to its sensitive nature, the hospitality firms have always been more interested in enhancing interpersonal contact with their clients rather than having technology do the same for them (Jones, 2008). The need to ensure that the clients get that personal touch has seen the hospitality industry get the description of being ‘low tech and high touc h’. Jones argues that the human interaction has remained of paramount importance in the hospitality industry (Jones, 2008). However, there has been a move towards the adoption of Information Technology (IT) within this industry. Several benefits can be achieved from the adoption of technology within the hospitality industry. ... Additionally, technology can be helpful to employees who deal with clients to customize the whole interaction process (Jones, 2008). This means that the hospitality firm will still be within its paramount goal of enhancing inter-personal contact with the clientele. Conversely, in this case, the technology will come in to enhance the whole experience making it more pleasant to the client. As a result, this will be helpful in ensuring that the firm gets a return customer. On the other hand, the customers will also benefit from the adoption of technology by the hospitality firm. In essence, they will be in a position to use technology independently to customize service delivery, and his/her delight (Jones, 2008). This means that there are cases when the customer who is known to frequently use the services of a hospitality firm gets to enjoy a form of special treatment whenever they visit the firm. The Ritz Carlton, for example, has a service, which allows it to handle sudden and unexpec ted demands of a client. This also includes arranging to have the client’s preferences of food, and other services such as entertainment provided whenever the client has visited the hotel (Jones, 2008). The emergence of the Web 2.0 has been a great influence on the habits of tourists. It has a tremendous amount of influence on the manner that they plan and consume travel related products (Fuchs et al, 2012). This means that there is a lot of potential to involve the internet in the hospitality industry. A travelling agency can take advantage of this fact to place all its packages online. With different destinations, as well as the costs of each package, a client will go through all this information, and then settle on what they think suits them. All this can easily

Tax File Memorandam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tax File Memorandam - Assignment Example According to Section 165(c) (3): Reg. Â §1.165-7, losses which can be in partial or complete damage of properties that are contributed due to storm, shipwreck or fire, or any other casualty are considered to be deductible casualty losses. Again, IRS Publication 547: Casualties, Disasters, and Theft [2013] demands that, any damage associated with any automobile accident becomes considered under a deductible casualty loss. It is when the automobile is used for either business or for personal use as stated in Reg. Â §1. 165-7(a) (3). However, it is required that for a taxpayer to be able to claim the casualty deductible, the event that causes the casualty must be determined as sudden [see Rev. Rul. 72-592, 1972-2 CB 101]. A sudden event is required to be swift and happens very fast at ones. It is different from an even which is progressive and takes time gradually. We would consider that Georges automobile submerged into the frozen lake at ones and not gradually since it occurred with in a short period. The event is qualified to be a swift, hence a sudden one. George can only be denied the deduction if the court carries out its research well and finds out that it is through Georges negligence, (W.H. Carpenter v Commr, 25 TCM 1186, Dec.28.148 (M)), that his automobile was submerged and destroyed (Reg. Â §1. 165-7(a)(3)(i)). However, under the circumstance of sudden destruction of the automobile, including looting, fire or theft, George and any other taxpayer will be allowed a deduction. It is, therefore, determined that, in Georges case, the damage to the automobile was more likely than not, caused by a causality. The determination could only occur if George were not aware of the possibility that the frozen lake could submerge. However, if it could be determined that George was aware of the possibility that the frozen lake could possibly submerge, and he went ahead to park his car on it, then the deduction could be denied due to

Free

Free Will vs. Determinism Essay PHI/105 August 2010 Week 1 – Checkpoint 1 Arguments and Logic Free Will VS Determinism Free Will and Determinism are two separate beliefs, contradicting one another. Determinism is the idea that all matter in this known universe is created for a specific purpose; a specific action. Therefore, the behavior of all atoms are governed by their physical law; their purpose. Free Will is simply defined as humans having free will. Humans have the ability to choose their next action, thereby choosing their path to their future. In the excerpt given these two beliefs are in contradiction with one another and therefore cannot exist. One must believe in a single belief, not both. The arguments given for Determinism is that whatever an atom does, it must do in a given circumstance. By laws of nature and physics, it must behave in a specific manner. Following this argument, an atom must behave in manner â€Å"A† when in circumstance â€Å"Z†; therefore, if present in circumstance â€Å"Z,† the atom must behave in manner â€Å"A† in accordance with its physical laws. A behavior as a result of free will; however, is an event that did not have to happen, thereby contradicting the argument for Determinism. Free Will is an event that is the direct result of my actions because of my choices. Therefore, if an event were to occur as a result of Free Will, this event did not have to happen. For example, let us imagine that I am walking along a path and I choose, of my own free will, to pick up a rock and throw it. I could easily have chosen not to throw the rock; therefore, when I threw the rock, the atoms in my arm did not have to move even if this situation. Given this example, we will assume that Free Will is the correct belief, thus illustrating that it is not true that an atom must have done what it did, given the situation. If Determinism is true, then my arm would have moved and the rock been thrown, regardless of my choices and actions. The arguments for these beliefs seem logical in the fact that Determinism is relating to science and physics to illustrate the structure and behavior of atoms; the core component to all known matter. This argument provides a solid base for the Determinism belief, explaining that everything is preordained by its physical properties, and the Free Will is an illusion. Free Will, on the other hand, is given no scientific argument and is more common sense based in its belief. Free Wills argument is not to illustrate that it is true, but to show that Determinism is not true. While the arguments for both beliefs seem valid, I found there to be more weaknesss is the Determinisms logic. To say that all matter has a given physical law is correct and that is must behave in its intended manner. Atoms that compose the chemical makeup of fire will in fact burn you if too close; this is what fire does. The weakness in the Determinisms argument is saying that because you were burned, the atoms in that fire were designed to burn you. Nature has a set of principles in place. Gravity causes object to fall towards its pull, and the movement of two objects against one another creates heat the form of friction. These events are localized in their behavior, but not preordained. A rock that is thrown will glide through the air and descend towards earth again. My arm can throw a rock, or remain at my side. The atoms of the rock, make it a rock, but do not make it fly. The atoms in my arm are what bind muscles, bone, and skin, and make it my arm, but they do not make my arm throw the rock. Determinism is true to an extent, as is Free Will. Each of them play a part in our world. If I wish to throw a rock at a window, and not break the glass, my will alone is not enough to make it so. Determinism will then take over and act accordingly to the density of the glass, and the velocity of the rock. Both beliefs exist together, working together.

Legal And Ethical Aspects Of Social Care

Legal And Ethical Aspects Of Social Care This essay will discuss the students role within a residential care home in relation to legal and ethical aspects of health and social care. The essay will be looking at legislation that is in place to protect both the residents and staff of the home which is run for the care of young children. This will also look at values and ethics and why they are important. This will then go on to discuss the students role as a support worker and their duties towards the residents. This essay will also look at ethics and values and how we learn these throughout our lives. Ethics is about making commitment towards positive values to help with the well being of the individuals within the society Warnock (19980) cited in (Banks 2006). Ethics refers to beliefs and value system to moral community, social and professionals groups.   To live in the society and to have flourishing people within the society individuals must have rules and regulations in place so that people can be prevented from any kind of harm and so that they can live a healthy life style. Ethics promotes education and training to assist individuals to develop the skills needed to compete and to achieve the response for moral action. Warnock (19980) cited in (Banks 2006) states that are three types of ethics and these are Metaethics which relates to moral judgement, it comprises of critical and analytical thinking of whether something is good, right or duty. Normative ethics is about morals; it attempts to find answers for problems for example the morally right of action in some cases cou ld be if an individual is a morally good human being or if lying is always wrong.   Descriptive ethics is about individuals moral opinions, beliefs and how people would react with certain issues. For example in Britain people always morally believe that abortion is wrong. Values are about the standards of evil and good and they govern peoples choices and behaviour.   Peoples values are derived from the government and the society Timms (1983) cited in Banks (2006).   Values are mostly used to refer to moral cultural, religion, ideological beliefs, attitudes, political, options and preferences.   Values can be regarded as several types of beliefs that individuals hold about what is valuable or worthy. Giddens (1993) cited in Kirby et al (2000) sates that  values can be seen as a fundamental belief that underpins communities, societies and provide general principle for the human behaviour.   Individuals are socialised through the family, community, peer groups, education and mass media.   According to Giddens (1993) cited in Kirby et al (2000) there are two types of socialisation: primary and secondary socialisation.   Primary socialisation is given to the child from parents, grandparents and siblings.   This involves learning the basics of communication and the language the child is born in.   This is the first stage in a lifelong process and the child is taught the basic norms and values. Secondary socialisation is followed on from primary socialisation and this is given through many multiplicities of agencies that involve in secondary socialisation. This is given through education, religion, mass media, peer groups and books.   Children who are socialised will know how to behave and to interact with people from different backgrounds and will learn to become independent and acquire both personal and social identity.      I do voluntary work at a private residential care home which is not a part of the NHS.   The home provides twenty four hour care for young people.   It also has the facilities for an onsite private school, where the young people are provided with an education according to their ability.   Some of the young people have never been to school or have had a fractured education.   The principle teacher plans lessons for each individual young person and provides one to one to support to help them meet their education requirements so that they can achieve one of the five outcomes of every child matters.   These young people are in residential care due to many different circumstances some have suffered abuse, neglect, behavioural problems, misuse of substances and disadvantaged backgrounds. Ethical issues within a work place come in many different forms.   Banks (2006) identified four types of issues that frequently have resulted in ethical problems or dilemmas.   There are issues on public welfare, issues on individual rights and welfare, issues around relationships, boundaries and professional roles. There are many ethical issues within the residential home. My role as a student support worker is to assist the teacher in preparing and delivering lessons to the young people, as these young people have a history of absconding, vandalising and could harm themselves or others, the home has to ensure they are under strict supervision twenty hours a day. During the week l take the young people for various activities, such as going to the gym, swimming, bowling and shopping so that they are given the opportunity to interact and socialise with other members of their community.     While we were at the gym, one of the service users, who is thirteen years old started a conversation about his personal life.   A service user divulge to me that when he absconds from the residential home he goes to see a young woman and has unprotected sex with her, when I questioned him about how old this young women was, he said fifteen years old, I was shocked to discover this and asked him where her parents were when he goes to see her, he told me that her parents were at work and she is on her own.  Ã‚   The service user then asked me to keep this confidential.   I explained that I could not make this promise, as part of my role was to report concerns to qualified staff, if l discovered information which could be potentially dangerous to a service user or other members of the public (REF job description). Therefore I made him no promise as this was an ethical issue, where both these young people were having unprotected sex and were under age. Miller (2000) argues that it is very important to promote anti-discriminatory practice. The advantages of implementing anti-discriminatory practice would be that staff would be able to work together as a team, communicate with each other, improve their practice, would acknowledge any problems or concerns and would agree with each other on appropriate changes.   Team work can provide opportunities to take collective actions based on consensus.   This will look good and benefit the service users.   However if a practice does not promote anti-discriminatory practice it will suffer lack of support from colleagues or management, lack of interest, resources, time and staff.   If staff is unable to communicate with each other they will not be able to provide a good standard of service and as a result service users can leave the practice and go somewhere else where they would feel they are receiving better service. The residential home promotes anti-discriminatory practice and all th e staff communicates and supports each other, because of this it was not difficult for me to approach my manager about this issue, my manger took immediate action to protect both young people.   She made the young womans parents aware of the issue and then contacted the relevant department and reported this incident and also asked me to update the log book, where everything is logged to keep an up to date record. There are many legislations relating to looked after children.   The residential home has to comply with all of them to ensure that the young people are protected and safeguarded.   The childrens Act (1989) was an act to reform the law relating to children in community homes, voluntary homes, residential care homes or any other organisation. The Care Standard Act (2000) is an act to institute a National care Standards Commissions and it replaces the registered Homes act (1984). The National Minimum Standards for Childrens Homes (2000) are the latest standards that the Childrens home should work towards.   The Childrens Homes regulation Act (2001) is an act where OFSTED observe on how the standards and regulations work together in practice.   The Data protection Act (1998) is an act for the service users so that they safeguard the integrity of the young people, other workers and clients.   The Protection of Children Act (1999) is an Act where everyone who is involved in work ing with the children has to complete a CRB check to ensure that they are the right people and trusted to work with the young service users. The residential home follows a code of conduct (see appendix) where all employees have to follow the rules and regulations accordingly as it is a guidance for safe working practice for adults who work with young people and children distributed by the government. All members of staff and visitors have to adhere to the policy as to ensure that everyones behaviour constitute a safe practice and which behaviours should be avoided. It aims to ensure that the duty of promoting and safeguarding and wellbeing of the young people is achieved. All staff at the home have duty and are accountable for the ways in which they exercise authority, use resources, manage risk, and how to protect young people and children from physical, sexual and emotional harm. All employees must understand the responsibility of their role and be aware that disciplinary action can be taken against them if these provisions are breached. All employees have access to the confidentiality files and can only be shared with other agency when it is in the best interest of the young person. If for any reason things goes wrong or the children make a complaint through advocacy or social workers, the residential home would be accountable to the OFSTED and any further action would be taken from there. The code of conduct sets clear boundaries between the employees and the service users. (See appendix code of conduct) There are many theories based on how a person should act morally. According to Kant (1948) cited in Edwards (2009) Deontological theory emphasis on moral duty. Kant argues that lying is morally wrong. Kant only believes in telling the truth regardless of what the circumstances and consequences are. Whether it makes someone happy or sad, one should not morally lie For example telling a very critical person that he has not long to live, would be the last thing they want to hear, but on the other hand it will give them a chance to do things as informing their member of family about his last wishes. However Mill (1962) cited in Edwards (2009) Utilitarianism theorist disagrees with Kant, as he argues that acts are morally right if by lying you can make someone happy. For example telling someone that a member of their family died peacefully, although he died with a lot of pain, would make them feel a bit better, however if they reveal that he died in a lot of pain and agony can also jeopardise the relationship with the professionals and they would not trust them. This essay has demonstrated how values and ethics are an important part in peoples lives and how individuals are socialised through primary and secondary socialisation. It has also discussed the students role within a residential care setting and how important it is to follow recognised codes of conduct. The issue of reporting moral or ethical issues, respecting all individuals and maintaining confidentiality at all times has also been addressed. This essay has also looked at different theories and how they can contradict each other. It has also looked at legislation that protects the service user and employee. Working in a care profession you must always make sure that every individual is treated with respect and not to make judgements on anyone regarding their backgrounds, sexuality, race, culture.

Britney Spears’ Promotes Potentially Abusive Relationships in Her Song,

Britney Spears’ Promotes Potentially Abusive Relationships in Her Song, Baby, One More Time In her Top 10 hit ". . . Baby, One More Time," Britney Spears posits the song’s persona as a passive naà ¯f. Continual references to blindness and hitting metamorphose the song from a teen-targeted summer pop tune into ideology enslaving young women into dangerous, constrictive views of relationships--and themselves. Using feminist and Lacanian theory allows us to see the speaker’s entrance into the Symbolic and the problems thereof. The speaker rues over a terminated "love" affair. She (although arguable, this critic finds the speaker’s notion of and adherence to gender roles distinctly "female") supplicates for a "sign" of his (again, heterosexuality is an assumption made for the sake of discussion) persevering proclivity. This sign is to come in the form of a "hit." References to the speaker’s death ("killing me") are frequent, as are other indications of mistreatment. The speaker begins addressing "baby," her lover. She claims ignorance of the troubled relationship, thus displaying her quiescent predisposition: "how was I supposed to know / that somethin’ wasn’t right here." Because of her passivity, she appears as an innocent victim. The poor, helpless speaker is not to be blamed for anything. One might picture a little girl shrugging her shoulders and asking, "what could I do?" when caught eating a whole cake. This denial of responsibility is commonly seen on The Jerry Springer Show when someone maintains, "I didn’t mean to have an affair. It just happened." Placing the locus of control outside oneself causes one to naturally become a victim. Yet the speaker seems apprehensive in her inveterate paralyzed role. She pro... ...song might create? By attempting to erase the "hit me," someone tried to cover up the overtones of violence. Yet simply changing the title cannot efface the masochism and vapidity of the song’s speaker. The speaker’s complete yield of self to a potentially abusive lover is deleterious for teens still forming an identity, especially those seeking guidance and advice about sexual relationships. The effects of Spears’ song remain to be seen; yet this critic feels that the message sent is a harrowing one. The speaker’s recognition of self-worth cannot eventuate too quickly. Works Cited Haywood, Susan. Key Concepts in Cinema Studies. Routledge: London, 1996. Spears, Britney. ". . . Baby, One More Time." . . .Baby, One More Time. Audio CD. BMG: 1999. Works Consulted Lacan, Jacques. Ecrits: A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. Tavistock: London, 1977.

Free Admissions Essay - Discipline and Perseverance :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

Admissions Essay - Discipline and Perseverance Pounding, rushing footsteps started to close in on me. The roar of the crowd echoed, as I extended my hand to receive the baton that signaled my turn to run. As I tightly wrapped my fingers around it, I felt the wind rush around me, and my tired legs started to carry me faster than I ever dreamed possible. As I rounded the final stretch of track I remember battling fatigue by contemplating two paths: slow down and give up my chance of winning to gain momentary comfort, or push myself even harder and give up momentary comfort to receive greater rewards later. I chose the second path and later held a trophy that represented my perseverance and hard work. The years of running - consistently choosing the second path - have taught me discipline and perseverance. These qualities will help me cross a different finish line and achieve a new goal: becoming a doctor. I have had to learn to budget my time to meet the demands of school, training programs, and volunteer activities. Although I trained and ran at least thirty miles a week throughout college, I also served as a big sister to Kelly, an abused child, and worked in a hospital trauma unit and as a medical assistant in an OB/GYN clinic. My most satisfying volunteer activity, however, was participating in mission work in Mexico City. In Mexico City I continually saw young children whose suffering was overwhelming. These children had never received vaccinations, were lice-infested, and suffered from malnutrition. They also frequently had infections that antibiotics can easily treat, but due to poverty were left untreated. For a week our team worked feverishly to see as many children as possible and treat them to the best of our abilities. I will never forget the feeling of complete fulfillment after a long day of using my talents for the betterment of others. The desire to replicate this feeling strengthens my commitment to becoming a physician. Isaac Asimov once said, "It has been my philosophy on life that difficulties vanish when faced boldly." Difficulties have tested my commitment. In September 1992, at the beginning of the running season I developed a severe case of mono. My doctors advised me to drop out of school for a semester and not run for at least four months.

The Chrysanthemums’s Character Analysis: Elisa Allen

Tran, Hillary John Steinbeck, â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† Character Analysis: Elisa Allen Elisa Allen is first portrayed as a woman who can take on any job as well as any man but in the end, becomes a woman of submissive femininity. The plot revolves around her journey of realization and conversion to femininity, which conclusively, labels her as a dynamic protagonist. She works in a garden and farms and cultivates just as well as a man and never fails to amaze her husband of her skills.The story starts with her husband asking her to go into town for a nice dinner date night after he goes into the hills with their sun to look for some steers. As her husband goes off with the son, a stranger comes along their ranch and seeks for directions, as he is lost. His wagon cover reveals that he is a repairman for scissors, pans, and all other sorts of tools. He strikes a conversation and seems to be extremely interested in Elisa.However, there is slight tension within their conversation because it is obvious that he is looking for work to feed himself for the night, but she does not want to give in to his marketing scheme. He advertises that he can make any old tool or pan look brand new and it will be of an advantage to Ms. Allen; it is not until he asks for her chrysanthemums as a gift to an old lady friend down the road that Elisa begin to loosen up. Flattered by his praise to her planting work and feeling as if she should owe him something, Elisa digs out some old aluminum stove pots for him to fix.As he is repairing them, she asks him about life on the road and shows that she would love to live like a man despite his comments that it is dangerous for a woman to live like him. She pays him fifty cents and jokes that he might be coming along some new competition on the road because she too, can ring out the dents of any pots and sharpen scissors better than anyone else out there. They say their farewells and Elisa begins to get ready for dinner. She showers and glams up herself for night and her husband compliments her from looking â€Å"nice† to looking â€Å"strong†.She questions when he first says nice because she would rather look strong, as she prefers to be portrayed. This marks her transition from a masculine woman to a woman of femininity. Later, as they ride into town, Elisa asks her husband about the entertainment fights, that do women participate and go watch as well. He answers yes they do and asks if she would like to go although he knows she probably will not enjoy it. She replies no and turns up her collar to weep silently â€Å"like an old woman†.Her weeping symbolizes the end of her transition from a masculine dominant woman to a submissive female. Her transition seems to come from society rejection of the idea that woman are just as good as males. The society of Steinbeck’s story portrays women as not being able to take care of themselves – that they need a man to protect and do hard wor k for them. Ms. Allen knows that she can do work just as well as a man but she is continuously stricken down and discouraged by the comments from her husband and the repairman.She feels that even though she has the skills to prove, she will never be seen as equal to a man because of her gender. She may be a strong woman, but she is not strong enough to rise against society. She can well prove herself to the world that woman can be just like men by riding around in a wagon by herself or participating in a fight, but her chances of proving herself are slimmer than her chances of being taunted and picked on by other males. This realization, is the motor behind her stepping down from an independent female to a submissive old woman. The Chrysanthemums’s Character Analysis: Elisa Allen Tran, Hillary John Steinbeck, â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† Character Analysis: Elisa Allen Elisa Allen is first portrayed as a woman who can take on any job as well as any man but in the end, becomes a woman of submissive femininity. The plot revolves around her journey of realization and conversion to femininity, which conclusively, labels her as a dynamic protagonist. She works in a garden and farms and cultivates just as well as a man and never fails to amaze her husband of her skills.The story starts with her husband asking her to go into town for a nice dinner date night after he goes into the hills with their sun to look for some steers. As her husband goes off with the son, a stranger comes along their ranch and seeks for directions, as he is lost. His wagon cover reveals that he is a repairman for scissors, pans, and all other sorts of tools. He strikes a conversation and seems to be extremely interested in Elisa.However, there is slight tension within their conversation because it is obvious that he is looking for work to feed himself for the night, but she does not want to give in to his marketing scheme. He advertises that he can make any old tool or pan look brand new and it will be of an advantage to Ms. Allen; it is not until he asks for her chrysanthemums as a gift to an old lady friend down the road that Elisa begin to loosen up. Flattered by his praise to her planting work and feeling as if she should owe him something, Elisa digs out some old aluminum stove pots for him to fix.As he is repairing them, she asks him about life on the road and shows that she would love to live like a man despite his comments that it is dangerous for a woman to live like him. She pays him fifty cents and jokes that he might be coming along some new competition on the road because she too, can ring out the dents of any pots and sharpen scissors better than anyone else out there. They say their farewells and Elisa begins to get ready for dinner. She showers and glams up herself for night and her husband compliments her from looking â€Å"nice† to looking â€Å"strong†.She questions when he first says nice because she would rather look strong, as she prefers to be portrayed. This marks her transition from a masculine woman to a woman of femininity. Later, as they ride into town, Elisa asks her husband about the entertainment fights, that do women participate and go watch as well. He answers yes they do and asks if she would like to go although he knows she probably will not enjoy it. She replies no and turns up her collar to weep silently â€Å"like an old woman†.Her weeping symbolizes the end of her transition from a masculine dominant woman to a submissive female. Her transition seems to come from society rejection of the idea that woman are just as good as males. The society of Steinbeck’s story portrays women as not being able to take care of themselves – that they need a man to protect and do hard wor k for them. Ms. Allen knows that she can do work just as well as a man but she is continuously stricken down and discouraged by the comments from her husband and the repairman.She feels that even though she has the skills to prove, she will never be seen as equal to a man because of her gender. She may be a strong woman, but she is not strong enough to rise against society. She can well prove herself to the world that woman can be just like men by riding around in a wagon by herself or participating in a fight, but her chances of proving herself are slimmer than her chances of being taunted and picked on by other males. This realization, is the motor behind her stepping down from an independent female to a submissive old woman.

Protection of Vulnerable People: Safeguarding those with Mental Illness

Introduction Individuals with mental health conditions may suffer from neglect and abuse as a result of their condition (Taylor, 2006). Hence, the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK places emphasis on safeguarding these individuals and recognising them as a ‘vulnerable’ group. The Department of Health (2000) states that the act of ‘safeguarding’ is synonymous with protecting those who are more exposed to abuse and neglect. The main aim of this essay is to discuss safeguarding patients suffering from mental illness. The first part of this essay discusses vulnerability in this group. Factors that influence vulnerability and how these impact the health and wellbeing of these individuals will also be explored. The second part discusses multidisciplinary and multiagency interventions to protect and safeguard those with mental health conditions. The third part examines the safeguarding laws and policies that support and inform the work of a multi-disciplinary team. This w ill then be followed by a reflection of the findings of this essay and how these influence practice of a student nurse. Finally, a conclusion that summarises the key points raised in this essay will be done. Vulnerability of patients with mental health conditions Watkins (2008) observes that the limited ability individuals with mental health conditions to express themselves increase the risk of abuse. For example, patients might express their fears and anxiety through aggressive behaviour (RCN, 2008). When patients are placed in a new environment, such as a hospital setting, they might be unable to articulate their feelings and become anxious. This is aggravated when they could not see their family members or when nurses take over their families in providing for their care (RCN, 2008). McDonnell (2011) explains that is not uncommon for these patients to become defensive and aggressive when surrounded with ‘strangers’. Second, patients with mental illness often suffer from stigmatisation, discrimination and isolation (Lubkin and Larsen, 2011; Moran et al., 2013; Mestdagh and Hansen, 2014). Moran et al. (2013) states that isolation could aggravate the patient’s mental health condition since loss of social support increases risk of depression. Stigmatisation, on the other hand, increases vulnerability since patients might not access appropriate healthcare services due to negative perceptions of patients with mental illness (Mestdagh and Hansen, 2014). Individuals with a history of mental illness could also experience discrimination at work or when applying for employment (Lubkin and Larsen, 2011). All these factors influence the health and wellbeing of those with mental health condition. Lack of social support and inability of an individual to find an employment increase the risk of depression (Lubkin and Larsen, 2011). It is widely established (Cocker et al., 2014; Lubkin and Larsen, 2011) th at chronic depression is strongly associated with poor health outcomes such as development of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and other chronic conditions. Importantly, depression has been associated with poor adherence to medications or a care plan (Grenard et al., 2011). Hence, vulnerable individuals such as those with mental health conditions could suffer poorer health as a result of discrimination, stigmatisation and isolation. Multi-disciplinary and multiagency interventions to protect and safeguard those with mental health conditions A blended approach in caring for vulnerable individuals with mental health conditions has been promoted in the NHS (Transition Pathway, 2005). Different groups of healthcare professionals are involved in safeguarding those with mental health conditions. For instance, occupational therapists help patients engage in occupations that help restore meaning in their lives. On the other hand, therapists provide different types of counseling to assist individuals cope with their condition. For example, these therapists offer cognitive behavioural counseling or family therapy to help patients with their thought process or engage family members in the support and management of the individual (Gehart, 2012). Drawing from different literature, mental health nurses could also use current evidence to help inform care plans that are specific for the needs of a vulnerable individual. Meanwhile, a focus is made on patient-centred care (Transition Pathway, 2005) This means that vulnerable individuals participate in healthcare decisions regarding their health. Health and social care team members provide the needed support as they help students arrive at an informed decision. Today, there are many types of therapies and interventions for individuals with mental health condition. Watkins (2008) observes that each individual is unique and hence, blended approach and choices are necessary to create a healthcare plan specific for the individual. The chronic nature of mental health conditions also requires prolonged support and care from different healthcare team members. Similarly, multiple agencies have to coordinate care for each person. Many vulnerable individuals with mental health condition have to transition from supported care to independent living. Further, transition from adolescence to adulthood for vulnerable individuals could be a specially challenging time. The Department of Health (2011a) has provided the Pathways to getting a Life white paper to help health and social care practitioners coordinate care for those with mental health condition transition to independent living. One of the challenges when providing multidisciplinary and multi-agency care for vulnerable individuals is allowing patients to exercise autonomy while maintaining their safety. The Nursing and Midwifery Councils’ (NMC, 2008) code of conduct stresses the importance of respecting patient autonomy when making healthcare decisions. However, patient autonomy might be difficult to observe especially if choices of the patients could lead to poor health outcomes. On the other hand, patients are also encouraged to participate in healthcare decisions. While this is considered as best practice, some patients might be reluctant to participate in healthcare decisions (De Las Cuevas and Penate, 2014; Goggins et al., 2014; Hajizadeh et al., 2014). This might be due to poor levels of knowledge regarding their condition (Goggins et al., 2014) or inability to participate in healthcare decisions (De Las Cuevas and Penate, 2014). The former could be addressed through patient education while the latter through representation of a family member. Meanwhile, social care has an integral role in helping vulnerable individuals not only transition to independent living but also in assisting them find suitable employment. The partnership between health and social care ensures that individuals receive sufficient support when they return to their communities. Hence, empowering patients to take care of their own needs and to manage their condition prevents exacerbation of the condition or development of complications. Safeguarding laws and policies The policy ‘No Health without Mental Health’ (Department of Health, 2011b) acts as a guide for different healthcare professionals, social care workers and other stakeholders when providing care for individuals with mental health conditions. Specifically, this policy states that equitable treatment should be provided for vulnerable groups. This suggests that treatment and services should not only be patient-centred but also responsive to the immediate and long-term needs of the vulnerable individual. However, equitable mental health treatment for different groups of patients still remains a challenge in the NHS. For instance, Nzira and Williams (2008) argue that all individuals, regardless of their race or ethnicity, should enjoy equality in choice of their care providers and process. However, analysis of recent literature (Cantor-Graae and Selten, 2005; Kirkbride et al., 2008; Marmot, 2010) suggest that individuals from the black and minority ethnic groups do not enjoy the same ‘equality’ promoted in the Department of Health’s (2011b) policy. Incidence of mental health conditions is still higher in the black and minority ethnic group compared to the general white population in the UK. Further, this group also experiences social exclusion as a result of poor housing opportunities. There is evidence that poor housing and homelessness have been associated with poorer mental health (Pattereson et al., 2013). Hence, individuals with mental health conditions who happen to belong to the black and minority ethnic groups tend to have poorer health outcomes compared to their white counterparts (Kirkbride et al., 2008). Apart from evaluating the impact of the ‘No Health without Mental Health’ policy on vulnerable groups, it is also essential to investigate current legislations that safeguard those with mental health conditions. The Equality Act (UK Legislation, 2010) and the Mental Health Act 2007 (UK Legislation, 2007) both promote the rights of mental health patients. The first Act supports equality in the workplace. For instance, the Act states that employers are generally not allowed to ask about the disability of an individual before a job is offered. Although this does not exempt employers from asking questions on the health and background of future employees when absolutely necessary, this shows that equality is observed in the workplace. Meanwhile, the Mental Health Act 2007 (UK Legislation, 2007) introduces changes to the previous Mental Health Act 1983 (UK Legislation, 1983). This time, definition for mental health professionals is broadened to include different healthcare pro fessionals who are involved in the care of patients even without their consent. It should be noted that patients who pose a significant threat to others and to their own selves are admitted, detained and treated in hospital settings under this Act. Refection On reflection, this essay helped me realised the importance of increasing my knowledge on the needs of vulnerable patients with mental health conditions and the factors that promote their vulnerability. Healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, serve in the forefront of care. As leaders of care, I will facilitate the care and management of vulnerable patients in the future. This is only possible if I am aware on how cultural differences, stigmatisation, discrimination and isolation influence the trajectory of their condition. I realised that all these factors are crucial in promoting inequalities in healthcare. If I fail to address these factors, I will not be able to provide quality care to my patients. This essay also helps me appreciate the value of working in multidisciplinary teams and being aware of the roles of each team member. Since mental health conditions are complex, a blended approach is necessary to address individual needs. Vulnerability of an individual is increased when team members fail to consider and address the holistic needs of a patient. In my current and future practice, I should be aware of how I could contribute to effective team collaboration in order to reduce patient vulnerability. There is also a need to be aware of different safeguarding laws and policies for mental health patients. This will help me use these laws and policies to lobby for the rights of my patients. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008) stresses the importance of patient safety and providing only quality care. Patient safety is observed when policies and laws on safeguarding are used to the fullest. On reflection, I should continue to become acquainted with different policies and legislations on safeguarding to ensure that the rights of my patients are protected. Specifically, this will help me find appropriate programmes or care pathways for my patients. On reflection, I should provide patient education to help patients make informed decisions regarding their care. This will not only empower my patients but also help them self-manage their own conditions. Conclusion This essay explores the concept of vulnerability and focuses on patients with mental health condition as a representative of the vulnerable group. These patients have additional challenges since mental illness is still strongly associated with discrimination, isolation and stigmatisation. Ethnic background also plays a role in their access to appropriate health and social care services. Those belonging to the black and minority ethnic groups have higher incidence of mental illness and less access to healthcare services compared to their white counterparts. The care pathway for vulnerable groups is supported by different health and social care agencies. Multidisciplinary and multi-agency team working are necessary to provide support to vulnerable groups. This essay demonstrates the importance of coordinating care and using a blended approach. Patient-centred care is highly promoted in the NHS since it is essential to design a care plan specific to the healthcare needs of an individual . Finally, this essay shows the importance of becoming acquainted with different policies and legislations on safeguarding. Knowledge on these policies and laws will help nurses exercise patient safety and quality care. Nurses will be able to identify appropriate health and social care services for each mental health service user. References: Cantor-Graae, E. & Selten, J. (2005) ‘Schizophrenia and migration: a meta-analysis and review’, American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, pp. 12-24. Cocker, F., Nicholson, J., Graves, N., Oldenburg, B., Palmer, A., Martin, A., Scott, J., Venn, A. & Sanderson, K. (2014) ‘Depression in working adults: comparing the costs and health outcomes of working when il’, PLoS One, 9(9): e105430 [Online]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25181469 (Accessed: 3 November, 2014). De Las Cuevas, C. & Penate, W. (2014) ‘To what extent psychiatric patients feel involved in decision making about their mental health careRelationships with socio-demographic, clinical, and psychological variables’, Acta Neuropsychiatrica [Online]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25288200 (Accessed: 3 November, 2014). Department of Health (2000) No secrets: Guidance on developing and implementing multi-agency policies and procedures to protect vulnerable adults from abuse. London: Department of Health. Department of Health (2011a) Pathways to getting a life [Online]. Available from http://www.ndti.org.uk/uploads/files/2011-Pathways-to-getting-a-life.pdf (Accessed: 3 November, 2014). Department of Health (2011b) No Health Without Mental Health: A Cross-Government Mental Health Outcomes Strategy for People of All Ages, London: Department of Health. Gehart, D. (2012) ‘The mental health recovery movement and family therapy, part 1: consumer-led reform of services to persons diagnosed with severe mental illness’, Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38(3), pp. 429-442. Goggins, K., Wallston, K., Nwosu, S., Schildcrout, J., Castel, L. & Kripalani, S. (2014) ‘Health literacy, numeracy, and other characteristics associated with hospitalized patients’ preferences for involvement in decision making’, Journal of Health Communication, 19(2), pp. 29-43. Grenard, J., Munjas, B., Adams, J., Suttorp, M., Maglione, M., McGlynn, E. & Gellad, W. (2011) ‘Depression and medication adherence int eh treatment of chronic diseases in the United States: a meta-analsyis’, Journal of Internal Medicine, 26(10), pp. 1175-1182. Hajizadeh, N., Uhler, L. & Perez Figueroa, R. (2014) ‘Understanding patients’ and doctors’ attitudes about shared decision making for advance care planning’, Health Expectations [Online]. 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